| Challenge: | Existing approaches to entity recognition require large amounts of token-level data, which can be expensive and cumbersome to obtain. |
| Approach: | They propose a weakly supervised model that can be annotated at word level from a corpus containing binary presence/absence labels. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs reasonably well on the task of entity recognition despite not having access to token-level ground truth data. |
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Named Entity Recognition through Deep Representation Learning and Weak Supervision (2021.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Weakly supervised named entity recognition (NER) uses noisy labels to estimate the true labels of a dataset. |
| Approach: | They propose a model to learn optimal assignments of latent NER tags using observed tokens and weak labels provided by labeling functions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves the quality of weak labels on four public datasets. |
Named Entity Recognition with Small Strongly Labeled and Large Weakly Labeled Data (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing work focuses on learning deep NER models with weak supervision without any human annotation. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that can suppress the noise of the weak labels and fine-tune over the strongly labeled data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing methods on Named Entity Recognition tasks with weak supervision and weakly labeled data. |
Named Entity Recognition without Labelled Data: A Weak Supervision Approach (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Named Entity Recognition (NER) performance often degrades when applied to target domains that differ from the texts observed during training. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to learn NER models in the absence of labelled data through weak supervision by using a broad spectrum of labelling functions to automatically annotate texts from the target domain. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves on two English datasets and shows that it improves by 7 percentage points on entity-level F1 scores compared to an out-of-domain neural NER model. |
Learning Structured Representations of Entity Names using Active Learning and Weak Supervision (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Structured representations of entity names are useful for many entity-related tasks such as entity normalization and variant generation. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that combines active learning and weak supervision to solve this problem. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework enables learning of high-quality models from a dozen labeled examples. |
Weakly Supervised Named Entity Tagging with Learnable Logical Rules (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for building entity tagging systems use weak supervision . previous methods focus on disambiguating entity types based on contexts and expert-provided rules . |
| Approach: | They propose a method that bootstraps high-quality logical rules to train a neural tagger in a fully automated manner. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms weakly supervised methods on three datasets . it rivals state-of-the-art supervised method with lexicon of over 2,000 terms . |
BERTifying the Hidden Markov Model for Multi-Source Weakly Supervised Named Entity Recognition (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing NER models are supervised by a large number of training sequences, each pre-annotated with token-level labels. |
| Approach: | They propose a conditional hidden Markov model which can effectively infer true labels from multi-source noisy labels in an unsupervised way. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art weakly supervised NER models on four benchmarks from various domains. |
Transfer Learning for Entity Recognition of Novel Classes (C18-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to entity recognition are based on class labels in source and target domains, and many NER corpora only annotate a small number of categories. |
| Approach: | They replicate and extend several past studies on transfer learning for entity recognition. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods perform better when there is more labeled target data. |
Distantly Supervised Named Entity Recognition using Positive-Unlabeled Learning (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Empirical studies on four public NER datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to perform named entity recognition using unlabeled data and named entity dictionaries. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can estimate task loss as if there is fully labeled data. |
Better Modeling of Incomplete Annotations for Named Entity Recognition (N19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to named entity recognition (NER) assume that the training data is fully annotated with named entity information. |
| Approach: | They propose a supervised setup for named entity recognition where annotated data is assumed to be available during training. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach is able to recognize named entities with incomplete annotations. |
Toward Recognizing More Entity Types in NER: An Efficient Implementation using Only Entity Lexicons (2020.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing named entity recognition systems require large scale labeled data to perform, while annotation of NER data is laborious and time-consuming. |
| Approach: | They propose to adjust an existing named entity recognition system to recognize entity types not defined in the system. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can be quickly adjusted to a named entity recognition system. |