Challenge: Lack of sizable training datasets leads to poor performance in low-resource languages.
Approach: They propose two techniques to augment training sets of low-resource languages using dependency trees.
Outcome: The proposed methods improve on the training datasets for low-resource languages.

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Data Augmentation via Subtree Swapping for Dependency Parsing of Low-Resource Languages (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Lack of annotated training data is a big issue for building reliable NLP systems for most of the world’s languages.
Approach: They propose a method to swap subtrees between annotated sentences while enforcing strong constraints on those trees to ensure maximum grammaticality of the new sentences.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms previous methods using the same inputs and using low-resource languages.
A systematic comparison of methods for low-resource dependency parsing on genuinely low-resource languages (D19-1)

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Challenge: Large annotated treebanks are available for only a tiny fraction of the world's languages, and there is a wealth of literature on strategies for parsing with few resources.
Approach: They propose three strategies for improving low-resource parsers: data augmentation, cross-lingual training, and transliteration.
Outcome: The proposed methods improve low-resource parsers by using data augmentation, cross-lingual training, and transliteration.
Text Augmentation Using Dataset Reconstruction for Low-Resource Classification (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for text classification use labeled data, but labeles are expensive and difficult to obtain.
Approach: They propose a novel method of data augmentation using the text-generation capabilities of language models.
Outcome: The proposed method improves the current state-of-the-art methods for data augmentation on multi-class datasets.
Exploring Data Augmentation in Neural DRS-to-Text Generation (2024.eacl-long)

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Challenge: Neural networks are notoriously data-hungry, resulting in ungrammatical texts . data augmentation requires a specific design for a structurally rich input format .
Approach: They propose to selectively augment a training set with new data by adding and varying two specific lexical categories, i.e. proper and common nouns.
Outcome: The proposed approach selectively augments a training set with new data by adding and varying two specific lexical categories, i.e. proper and common nouns.
A Survey on Recent Approaches for Natural Language Processing in Low-Resource Scenarios (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: a growing body of work is focused on improving performance in low-resource settings . a goal of this study is to explain how these methods differ in their requirements .
Approach: They propose to analyze data-lean scenarios across different dimensions of data availability to understand which approaches are effective in a specific low-resource setting.
Outcome: The proposed methods enable learning when training data is sparse.
Grammar-based Data Augmentation for Low-Resource Languages: The Case of Guarani-Spanish Neural Machine Translation (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Low-resource languages suffer from a vicious circle: data is needed to build tools, but available text is scarce.
Approach: They propose to use a grammar-based system to generate Spanish text and syntactically transfer it to Guarani to boost its performance.
Outcome: The proposed system outperforms existing models by pretraining models with synthetic text.
A Little Pretraining Goes a Long Way: A Case Study on Dependency Parsing Task for Low-resource Morphologically Rich Languages (2021.eacl-srw)

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Challenge: Neural dependency parsing has been a success for many domains and languages, but the bottleneck of massive labelled data limits its effectiveness for low resource languages.
Approach: They propose to use morphological knowledge to improve dependency parsing for morphology rich languages in a low-resource setting to perform experiments.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves an average gain of 2 points (UAS) and 3.6 points (LAS) on 10 MRLs in low-resource settings.
DAGA: Data Augmentation with a Generation Approach for Low-resource Tagging Tasks (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Data augmentation techniques are widely used to improve machine learning performance . however, due to the complexity of language, it is difficult to generalize such rules for languages.
Approach: They propose a method to generate high quality synthetic data for low-resource tagging tasks . they use unlabeled data only and unlabelled data plus a knowledge base .
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baselines on NER, part of speech and target based sentiment analysis tasks.
Generalized Data Augmentation for Low-Resource Translation (P19-1)

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Challenge: Low-resource language pairs with a lack of parallel data pose challenges for machine translation . data augmentation using monolingual data is an effective way to alleviate the problem .
Approach: They propose a general framework for data augmentation for low-resource machine translation using monolingual data and a related high-resourced language.
Outcome: The proposed method improves translation quality by 1.5 to 8 BLEU points under extreme low-resource settings compared to baselines.
Getting More Data for Low-resource Morphological Inflection: Language Models and Data Augmentation (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Morphological inflection is the process that generates the word form given its lexeme and morphological properties.
Approach: They propose to use language models and data augmentation to improve morphological inflection without annotating more data.
Outcome: The proposed model improves by 1.5% with the langauge model and by 9% with the data augmentation.

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