| Challenge: | a recent study shows that multi-task learning improves performance of NLP tasks by exploiting similarities between tasks. |
| Approach: | They employ semantic tagging as an auxiliary task for three NLP tasks . they compare full neural network sharing, partial neural network shared and learning what to share . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves for part-of-speech tagging, universal dependency parsing and natural language inference. |
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Multi-Task Learning for Sequence Tagging: An Empirical Study (C18-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing work on "pairwise" MTL has been validated in sequence tagging but key issues remain about its effectiveness. |
| Approach: | They propose three general multi-task learning approaches on 11 sequence tagging tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approaches improve on 11 sequence tagging tasks. |
Multitask Parsing Across Semantic Representations (P18-1)
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| Challenge: | UCCA parsing is a test case for multitask learning, with auxiliary tasks AMR, SDP and Universal Dependencies (UD) . Semantic parsers have arguably yet to reach their full potential due to the limited amount of semantically annotated training data. |
| Approach: | They propose a general transition-based parser that can parse UCCA, AMR, SDP and Universal Dependencies (UD) they use a transition-driven learning architecture and a uniform transition-basic learning architecture to train the parsers. |
| Outcome: | The proposed parser improves UCCA, AMR, SDP and Universal Dependencies (UD) parsing over training in English, German and French. |
Transductive Auxiliary Task Self-Training for Neural Multi-Task Models (D19-61)
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| Challenge: | Multi-task learning and self-training are two common ways to improve a machine learning model’s performance in settings with limited training data. |
| Approach: | They propose a transductive auxiliary task self-training procedure that trains a model on auxiliary tasks and test instances with auxiliary labels generated by a single-task version of the model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves accuracy by 9.56% over the pure multi-task model for dependency relation tagging and 13.03% for semantic taging. |
Exploring and Predicting Transferability across NLP Tasks (2020.emnlp-main)
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Tu Vu, Tong Wang, Tsendsuren Munkhdalai, Alessandro Sordoni, Adam Trischler, Andrew Mattarella-Micke, Subhransu Maji, Mohit Iyyer
| Challenge: | Recent advances in NLP demonstrate the effectiveness of training large-scale language models and transferring them to downstream tasks. |
| Approach: | They conduct an extensive study of the transferability between 33 NLP tasks across three broad classes of problems. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can improve performance even with low-data source tasks that differ substantially from the target task. |
Multiple Tasks Integration: Tagging, Syntactic and Semantic Parsing as a Single Task (2021.eacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing systems that bypass intermediate levels of analysis are prone to error propagation and are therefore free from interference. |
| Approach: | They propose a multitask paradigm orthogonal to weight sharing that uses multiple tasks to process input iteratively but concurrently at multiple levels of analysis. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model uses reinforcement learning and release from sequential constraints to improve the quality of the syntactic and semantic parses. |
Transfer and Multi-Task Learning for Noun–Noun Compound Interpretation (D18-1)
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| Challenge: | In computational linguistics, nounnoun compound interpretation is approached as an automatic classification problem. |
| Approach: | They empirically evaluate the utility of transfer and multi-task learning on a challenging semantic classification task. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods improve the accuracy of a neural classifier and its F1 scores on the less frequent, but more difficult relations. |
A Survey of Multi-task Learning in Natural Language Processing: Regarding Task Relatedness and Training Methods (2023.eacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Multi-task learning is a popular approach in natural language processing because of its commonalities and differences. |
| Approach: | They propose to summarize recent advances in multi-task learning methods based on their task relatedness into two general multi-step training methods. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods summarize the tasks and discuss future directions. |
Multitask Learning for Cross-Lingual Transfer of Broad-coverage Semantic Dependencies (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for developing broad-coverage semantic dependency parsers for languages without semantically annotated data are limited to English, Czech and Chinese. |
| Approach: | They propose a multitask learning framework coupled with annotation projection to build broad-coverage semantic dependency parsers for languages without annotated resources. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves labeled F1 score on multitask tasks from English to Czech compared to baseline models . |
What data should I include in my POS tagging training set? (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | POS tagging is a crucial task for descriptive linguistics and language documentation . POS tags are not available in all languages, but are used for training sets for understudied languages . |
| Approach: | They compare POS tagging with in-context learning, active learning, and random sampling . they find that POS can deliver reasonable results for communities with limited resources . |
| Outcome: | The proposed training set for Indigenous and endangered languages performs better than random sampling. |
Bits and Pieces: Investigating the Effects of Subwords in Multi-task Parsing across Languages and Domains (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Neural parsing is dependent on the underlying language model, but little is known about how choices affect parser performance. |
| Approach: | They examine how subword sharing is responsible for gains or negative transfer in multi-task learning . they find a preference for averaged or last subwords across languages and domains . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model favors averaged or last subwords across languages and domains . specific POS tags may require different subword, and distribution overlap is more important than discrepancies in the data sizes. |