Challenge: Existing KBQA methods focus on simpler questions and do not work well on complex questions . a knowledge-based question answering approach is able to answer complex questions using a standard knowledge base .
Approach: They propose to encode query structure into a uniform vector representation of a question and its semantic components into .
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms existing methods on complex questions while staying competitive on simple questions.

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Improving Query Graph Generation for Complex Question Answering over Knowledge Base (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing Knowledge-based Question Answering methods use a query graph to find the answer to a question.
Approach: They propose a method that starts with the entire knowledge base and gradually shrinks it to the desired query graph.
Outcome: Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on ComplexWebQuestion dataset.
Query Graph Generation for Answering Multi-hop Complex Questions from Knowledge Bases (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing work on complex knowledge base question answering addresses two types of complexity at the same time.
Approach: They propose a modified staged query graph generation method that handles both types of complexity at the same time.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art on three benchmark KBQA datasets.
A Two-Stage Approach towards Generalization in Knowledge Base Question Answering (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing approaches for Knowledge Base Question Answering focus on a specific knowledge base or evaluating it on underlying knowledge base requires non-trivial changes.
Approach: They propose a framework that separates semantic parsing from knowledge base interaction . they propose KBQA framework that allows generalization across knowledge bases .
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Chain-of-Question: A Progressive Question Decomposition Approach for Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods to answer complex questions rely on decomposition of complex questions into sub-questions . Existing approaches to decompose complex questions are limited by the original question .
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A System for Answering Simple Questions in Multiple Languages (2023.acl-demo)

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Challenge: Existing knowledge graph question answering systems are limited to simple questions, but they can be used to answer complex questions.
Approach: They propose a multilingual Knowledge Graph Question Answering technique that orders potential responses based on the distance between the question’s text embeddings and the answer’s graph embedds.
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Query2Triple: Unified Query Encoding for Answering Diverse Complex Queries over Knowledge Graphs (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Complex Query Answering (CQA) is a challenge task of Knowledge Graphs due to incompleteness of KGs.
Approach: They propose a query embedding approach that decouples the training for simple and complex queries.
Outcome: The proposed approach decouples training for simple and complex queries and achieves state-of-the-art performance over three public benchmarks.
A State-transition Framework to Answer Complex Questions over Knowledge Base (D18-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for complex question answering have some limitations . existing methods employ predefined patterns or templates to understand complex questions.
Approach: They propose a state transition-based approach to translate a natural language question to a semantic query graph.
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Enhancing Complex Reasoning in Knowledge Graph Question Answering through Query Graph Approximation (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing knowledge-grounded question answering frameworks lack essential triplets related to the questions . Existing approaches to knowledge-based QA are incomplete in the context of KGs .
Approach: They propose a framework to provide answers to structured queries by leveraging Knowledge Graphs.
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Exploiting Hybrid Semantics of Relation Paths for Multi-hop Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to answer natural language questions on knowledge graphs (KGQA) use large-scale entity-related text corpus or knowledge graph embeddings as auxiliary information to facilitate answer selection.
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Interactive-KBQA: Multi-Turn Interactions for Knowledge Base Question Answering with Large Language Models (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Knowledge base question answering (KBQA) is a challenging task, particularly in parsing intricate questions into executable logical forms.
Approach: They propose a framework to generate logical forms through direct interaction with knowledge bases (KBs) by annotating a dataset with step-wise reasoning processes.
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