Challenge: Existing approaches to transliteration generation require a large number of training examples.
Approach: They propose a bootstrapping algorithm that uses constrained discovery to improve generation . they show that the model can be used with as few as 500 training examples .
Outcome: The proposed method improves on nine languages written in a unique script.

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TRANSLIT: A Large-scale Name Transliteration Resource (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Transliteration is the process of expressing a proper name from a source language in the characters of a target language.
Approach: They present a large-scale corpus of transliterated names in 180 languages . they use machine learning to train automatic transliteration .
Outcome: The proposed system achieves 92% accuracy on identification of transliterated pairs.
A Little Annotation does a Lot of Good: A Study in Bootstrapping Low-resource Named Entity Recognizers (D19-1)

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Challenge: Named entity recognition models rely on large amounts of labeled data, making them challenging to extend to new, lower-resource languages.
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Cross-lingual Named Entity List Search via Transliteration (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: a common way to adapt out-of-vocabulary words is a challenge in cross-lingual tasks . intrinsic evaluation, i.e comparison to a single gold standard, might not be appropriate in the task of transliteration due to its high variability.
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A Comparative Study of Extremely Low-Resource Transliteration of the World’s Languages (L18-1)

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Challenge: a phrase-based MT system performs better than other methods for transliterating Bible names . combining data and training a single neural system yields significant gains .
Approach: They compare several machine translation methods for transliterating Bible names . they find a phrase-based MT system performs better than other methods .
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Scripts Through Time: A Survey of the Evolving Role of Transliteration in NLP (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Cross-lingual transfer is often hindered by the "script barrier" where differences in writing systems inhibit transfer learning . transliteration is a powerful technique to bridge this gap by increasing lexical overlap . authors present a taxonomy of key motivations to utilize transliterations in language models .
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Design Challenges in Named Entity Transliteration (C18-1)

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Challenge: Named entity transliteration is an important component in many search and language understanding tasks.
Approach: They empirically evaluate a named entity transliteration task using traditional methods . they use a stack of convolutional layers to create a neural network with a new approach .
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Efficient Entity Candidate Generation for Low-Resource Languages (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches for cross-lingual entity linking are not suitable for English.
Approach: They propose a candidate generation problem in cross-lingual entity linking with a focus on low-resource languages.
Outcome: The proposed solution outperforms the state-of-the-art approach on 9 real-world datasets and query types.
Towards a Broad Coverage Named Entity Resource: A Data-Efficient Approach for Many Diverse Languages (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods to extract named entity datasets from parallel corpora require large monolingual corporata or word aligners that are unavailable or perform poorly for underresourced languages.
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Part-of-Speech Tagging for Code-Switched, Transliterated Texts without Explicit Language Identification (D18-1)

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Challenge: Code-switching is a challenge for NLP due to the lack of representative data for training models.
Approach: They propose a model that is trained exclusively on monolingual resources but can be applied to unseen code-switched text at inference time.
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Enhancing Cross-Lingual Transfer through Reversible Transliteration: A Huffman-Based Approach for Low-Resource Languages (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models demonstrate cross-lingual transfer capabilities, but these capabilities often fail to extend to low-resource languages, especially those utilizing non-Latin scripts.
Approach: They propose to combine character transliteration with Huffman coding to create a complete transliterations framework that can be extended to other low-resource languages.
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