Challenge: Existing theories for word classification and clustering are lacking.
Approach: They propose a theory that uses a function to represent a word by its co-occurrences with other words in context.
Outcome: The proposed model improves word classification and clustering by using multiple features.

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Quantifying Context Overlap for Training Word Embeddings (D18-1)

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Challenge: Experimental results show that word embeddings can be improved using word embeds . word embedings are a popular form of natural language processing .
Approach: They propose to estimate second order co-occurrence relations based on context overlap . they use the augmented data to enhance word embeddings learning .
Outcome: The proposed model improves word vectors for word similarity and downstream NLP tasks.
A Probabilistic Model for Joint Learning of Word Embeddings from Texts and Images (D18-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches combine language and perception to infer word embeddings . however, the embeddables produced by such models do not reflect the actual word representations.
Approach: They propose a probabilistic model that integrates linguistic and perceptual inputs to explain observed word-context pairs in a text corpus.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves competitive or stronger results on tasks of assessing pairwise word similarity and image/caption retrieval compared to other state-of-the-art models.
Filling Missing Paths: Modeling Co-occurrences of Word Pairs and Dependency Paths for Recognizing Lexical Semantic Relations (N18-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to recognize lexical semantic relations between word pairs require that word pairs co-occur in a sentence.
Approach: They propose to exploit lexico-syntactic paths between two target words to exploit the semantic relations between word pairs.
Outcome: The proposed model can generalize the co-occurrences of word pairs and dependency paths and extract features capturing relational information from word pairs.
Word and Document Embedding with vMF-Mixture Priors on Context Word Vectors (P19-1)

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Challenge: Word embedding models typically learn two types of vectors: target word vectors and context word vector.
Approach: They propose to explicitly impose a cluster structure on context word vectors to improve word embedding models.
Outcome: The proposed model improves word embedding models qualitatively by imposing a cluster structure on the set of context word vectors.
Unsupervised Learning of Distributional Relation Vectors (P18-1)

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Challenge: Existing word embedding models rely on co-occurrence statistics to learn vector representations of word meaning.
Approach: They propose a method which directly learns relation vectors from co-occurrence statistics.
Outcome: The proposed method is based on a variant of GloVe, which has an explicit connection between word vectors and PMI weighted co-occurrence vectors.
Relation Induction in Word Embeddings Revisited (C18-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to relation induction are based on vector translations, but they are often inadequate for knowledge base completion.
Approach: They propose to use Gaussian to explicitly model the variability of translations and Bayesian linear regression to encode the assumption that there is a linear relationship between the vector representations of related words.
Outcome: The proposed models are based on translations but use Gaussian to model the variability of translations and encode soft constraints on the source and target words that may be chosen.
CoSimLex: A Resource for Evaluating Graded Word Similarity in Context (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods to evaluate word embeddings ignore context and treat words in isolation.
Approach: They propose to build a new word embeddings-based dataset that provides context-dependent similarity measures.
Outcome: The proposed dataset provides context-dependent similarity measures and covers a well-resourced language (English) but a number of less-resource languages.
Revisiting the Context Window for Cross-lingual Word Embeddings (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to mapping-based cross-lingual word embeddings are based on the assumption that the source and target embeddable spaces are structurally similar.
Approach: They propose to use different context windows to evaluate bilingual word embeddings in various languages, domains, and tasks.
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Some of Them Can be Guessed! Exploring the Effect of Linguistic Context in Predicting Quantifiers (P18-2)

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Challenge: cloze deletion test is a test that requires the learner to understand the context and vocabulary in order to identify the correct word.
Approach: They collect data from human participants and test various models in a local and a global context condition to examine the role of linguistic context in predicting quantifiers.
Outcome: The proposed models outperform humans in a local and global context and are only slightly better in the latter.
Word-Node2Vec: Improving Word Embedding with Document-Level Non-Local Word Co-occurrences (N19-1)

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Challenge: Existing word embedding algorithms make a strong assumption that words are semantically related only if they co-occur locally within a window of fixed size.
Approach: They propose a graph-based word embedding method that relies on locality to capture the semantic association between words that co-occur frequently but non-locally within documents.
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