Challenge: Hierarchical models capture local dependencies but lack global, corpus-level representations.
Approach: They propose two prototype-based methods that integrate local context with global representations to address this limitation.
Outcome: The proposed methods integrate local context with global representations.

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Challenge: Rhetorical Role Labeling (RRL) of legal judgments presents challenges such as inferring sentence roles from context, interrelated roles, limited annotated data, and label imbalance.
Approach: They propose techniques to enhance RRL performance by leveraging knowledge from semantically similar instances.
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HiCuLR: Hierarchical Curriculum Learning for Rhetorical Role Labeling of Legal Documents (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing approaches overlook the varying difficulty levels inherent in legal document discourse styles and rhetorical roles.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical curriculum learning framework for RRL that nests two curricula: Rhetorical Role-level Curriculum (RC) on the outer layer and Document-level curriculum (DC) on inner layer.
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Syntax-driven Approach for Semantic Role Labeling (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing studies focus on auto-generated syntactic knowledge to enhance semantic role labeling . experimental results show that map memories can enhance SRL .
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Syntax-aware Neural Semantic Role Labeling with Supertags (N19-1)

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Challenge: a new syntax-aware model for dependency-based semantic role labeling outperforms syntax-based models for English and Spanish.
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Semantic Role Labeling Meets Definition Modeling: Using Natural Language to Describe Predicate-Argument Structures (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to Semantic Role Labeling rely on discrete labels to classify predicate senses and their arguments.
Approach: They propose a generalized formulation of Semantic Role Labeling that leverages Definition Modeling to describe predicate-argument structures using natural language definitions instead of discrete labels.
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LLMs Can Also Do Well! Breaking Barriers in Semantic Role Labeling via Large Language Models (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Semantic role labeling (SRL) is a crucial task of natural language processing (NLP).
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Attending to Long-Distance Document Context for Sequence Labeling (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: UC Berkeley researchers develop a method for incorporating global context in long documents . many of the main datasets used in NLP are comprised of relatively short documents - english OntoNotes contains 223 tokens .
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Label-Enhanced Hierarchical Contextualized Representation for Sequential Metaphor Identification (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent approaches to identify metaphors ignore extra information from data, such as contextual information and broader discourse information.
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Capturing Argument Interaction in Semantic Role Labeling with Capsule Networks (D19-1)

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Challenge: State-of-the-art SRL models do not model non-local interaction between arguments . e.g., LSTMs do not allow for efficient inference .
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Neural-Davidsonian Semantic Proto-role Labeling (D18-1)

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Challenge: Existing models for semantic proto-role labeling are based on a bidirectional LSTM encoding strategy.
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