Challenge: Large-scale annotations of subjective, discourse-dependent social interactions remain a critical bottleneck in computational social science.
Approach: They propose a pipeline that incorporates lightweight conversational context and a dynamic batching method to improve throughput and scalability.
Outcome: The proposed pipeline improves throughput and scalability while preserving interpretive depth essential to complex social annotations.

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Challenge: Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in automating discourse annotation for conversations.
Approach: They propose a pipeline that uses large language models to construct and perform annotations using speech functions and the Switchboard-DAMSL taxonomies.
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From Static Inference to Dynamic Interaction: A Survey of Streaming Large Language Models (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing definitions of streaming LLMs are fragmented and lack a systematic taxonomy . large language models are pre-trained on static and full-context corpora .
Approach: They propose a systematic taxonomy of current streaming Large Language Models and propose underlying methodologies for streaming LLMs.
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The Promises and Pitfalls of LLM Annotations in Dataset Labeling: a Case Study on Media Bias Detection (2025.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Recent research suggests using Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate the annotation process, reducing these costs while maintaining data quality.
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FreeAL: Towards Human-Free Active Learning in the Era of Large Language Models (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Modern machine learning models require a huge collection of precisely labeled data, which can be labor-intensive and time-consuming.
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Chain-of-Thought Matters: Improving Long-Context Language Models with Reasoning Path Supervision (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have highlighted the challenge of handling long-context tasks.
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BiasFilter: An Inference-Time Debiasing Framework for Large Language Models (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods for debiasing large language models incur high human and computational costs and are limited in their effectiveness.
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Batch Prompting: Efficient Inference with Large Language Model APIs (2023.emnlp-industry)

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Challenge: Performing inference on large volumes of samples can be computationally and financially costly.
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ChatRetriever: Adapting Large Language Models for Generalized and Robust Conversational Dense Retrieval (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: a conversational search system requires accurate interpretation of user intent from complex multi-turn contexts.
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Large Language Models Know Your Contextual Search Intent: A Prompting Framework for Conversational Search (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods for understanding users’ contextual search intent show unsatisfactory effectiveness and robustness to handle real conversational search scenarios.
Approach: They propose to use large language models to generate multiple query rewrites and hypothetical responses and to aggregate them into an integrated representation that can robustly represent the user’s real contextual search intent.
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When Speed Meets Intelligence: Scalable Conversational NER in an Ever-evolving World (2026.eacl-industry)

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Challenge: Large Language Models excel at understanding conversational semantics, but lack of data makes them impractical for production deployment.
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