Challenge: Existing methods for large language models (LLMs) are coarse-grained and fail to distinguish between direct quotes and complex reasoning.
Approach: They propose a framework that combines supervised fine-tuning and group relative policy optimization to generate fluent answers while simultaneously producing sentence-level provenance triples.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms 14 strong large language models in joint evaluation.

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TROVE: A Challenge for Fine-Grained Text Provenance via Source Sentence Tracing and Relationship Classification (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models have demonstrated great potential in natural language generation, but their widespread adoption has raised concerns regarding content reliability and accountability.
Approach: They propose a challenge to trace each sentence of a target text back to specific source sentences within potentially lengthy or multi-document inputs.
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Training Language Models to Generate Text with Citations via Fine-grained Rewards (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to hallucination and their outputs often contain incorrect or unverifiable claims.
Approach: They propose a training framework using fine-grained rewards to teach LLMs to generate highly supportive and relevant citations while ensuring the correctness of their responses.
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Verifiable Generation with Subsentence-Level Fine-Grained Citations (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing work mainly targets the generation of sentence-level citations, lacking specificity about which parts of a sentence are backed by the cited sources.
Approach: They propose to use subsentence-level fine-grained citations to generate more precise location of generated content supported by the cited sources.
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Learning to Refine with Fine-Grained Natural Language Feedback (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent work has explored the capability of large language models to identify and correct errors in LLM-generated responses.
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How Decoding Strategies Affect the Verifiability of Generated Text (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent advances in pre-trained language models have generated text of an increasingly high quality.
Approach: They propose a decoding strategy that produces less repetitive and more verifiable text.
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LongCite: Enabling LLMs to Generate Fine-grained Citations in Long-Context QA (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Current long-context large language models lack citations to support their responses, making verification difficult due to potential hallucinations.
Approach: They propose to use off-the-shelf LLMs to automatically construct long-context QA instances with precise sentence-level citations and leverage this pipeline to construct a large-scale SFT dataset for LQAC.
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Learning Fine-Grained Grounded Citations for Attributed Large Language Models (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: despite impressive performance, large language models still struggle with hallucinations . current approaches suffer from suboptimal citation quality due to reliance on in-context learning .
Approach: They propose a framework that teaches large language models to generate fine-grained citations.
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ALiiCE: Evaluating Positional Fine-grained Citation Generation (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing research on citation generation is limited to sentence-level statements . positional fine-grained citations can appear anywhere within sentences .
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RetroLLM: Empowering Large Language Models to Retrieve Fine-grained Evidence within Generation (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods rely on separate retrievers to fetch top-k text chunks for generating evidence, and they lack joint optimization.
Approach: They propose a framework that integrates retrieval and generation into a single, auto-regressive process, enabling LLMs to directly generate fine-grained evidence from the corpus with constrained decoding.
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Attribution, Citation, and Quotation: A Survey of Evidence-based Text Generation with Large Language Models (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent advances in large language models have raised concerns about reliability and trustworthiness of the models.
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