Challenge: Existing knowledge editing methods can enhance LLMs' performance on long-tail biomedical knowledge, but their performance on high-frequency popular knowledge remains inferior to that on high frequency popular knowledge.
Approach: They conduct the first comprehensive study to investigate the effectiveness of knowledge editing methods for editing long-tail biomedical knowledge.
Outcome: The proposed methods improve LLMs' performance on long-tail biomedical knowledge, but their performance on high-frequency popular knowledge remains inferior even after editing.

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Challenge: Existing knowledge editing techniques rely on memorizing updated knowledge, impeding LLMs from effectively combining the new knowledge with their inherent knowledge when answering questions.
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Challenge: Existing knowledge editing methods focus on instance-level editing, which is prone to knowledge degradation and general ability deterioration due to redundant instance-specific modifications.
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