Challenge: evaluating the usefulness of language models for literary-domain tasks remains challenging due to the cost of fine-grained annotation for long-form texts and data contamination concerns inherent in using public-domain literature.
Approach: They use a dataset of long-form, recently written fiction to evaluate embedding models . they prioritize author agency and rely on continual, informed author consent .
Outcome: The proposed dataset of long-form, recently written fiction is compared with existing models on this task.

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Challenge: Existing approaches to model fictional narratives have focused on the aspect of "what" rather than "how" they are being told.
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Interpretable Text Embeddings and Text Similarity Explanation: A Survey (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Text embeddings are a fundamental component in many NLP tasks, but their interpretation and explanation remain challenging.
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Literary Evidence Retrieval via Long-Context Language Models (2025.acl-short)

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Challenge: a recent study shows that long-context language models can exceed human expert performance in literary analysis . despite their speed and apparent accuracy, even the strongest models struggle with nuanced literary signals and overgeneration.
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A Matter of Perspective: Building a Multi-Perspective Annotated Dataset for the Study of Literary Quality (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: a dataset collecting quality judgments on 9,000 English-language novels is presented . authors include experts opinions and crowd-sourced annotations .
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Challenge: Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) context windows have enabled them to process inputs over 100K tokens and generate outputs of up to 10K token.
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A Survey on LLMs for Story Generation (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Methods for story generation with Large Language Models (LLMs) have come into the spotlight recently.
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An annotated dataset of literary entities (N19-1)

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Challenge: Existing datasets built on news focus on non-named entities, but not literary texts.
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LFED: A Literary Fiction Evaluation Dataset for Large Language Models (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: LFED is a literary fiction evaluation dataset for large language models that evaluate the capability of LLMs on the long fiction comprehension and reasoning.
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BOOKSUM: A Collection of Datasets for Long-form Narrative Summarization (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing text summarization datasets include short-form source documents that lack long-range causal and temporal dependencies and contain strong layout and stylistic biases.
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Self-Supervised Document Similarity Ranking via Contextualized Language Models and Hierarchical Inference (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to document-to-document similarity ranking are limited to relatively short documents or lack similarity labels.
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