Challenge: Text embedding is a key component of modern NLP models but also poses additional risks.
Approach: They propose a framework that optimizes embeddings and inverts them to obtain misaligned prompts.
Outcome: The proposed framework exploits the continuity and distribution characteristics of text embeddings to obtain misaligned prompts of discrete tokens.

Similar Papers

Uncovering Limitations in Text-to-Image Generation: A Contrastive Approach with Structured Semantic Alignment (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: a new method for text-to-image generation models is proposed to address these limitations . SSA focuses on learning structured semantic embeddings across different modalities .
Approach: They propose a method to evaluate text-to-image generation models using structured semantic embeddings . they propose to learn mutated prompts by substituting words with equivalent or nonequivalent alternatives .
Outcome: The proposed method improves the measurement of semantic consistency of text-to-image generation models.
Asymmetric Bias in Text-to-Image Generation with Adversarial Attacks (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing studies on adversarial attacks against text-to-image models have not explored the reasons for their effectiveness.
Approach: They propose an adversarial attack objective - entity swapping using adversarials and two gradient-based attack algorithms.
Outcome: The proposed attack objective - entity swapping - is easier to replace “human” with “robot” in the prompt “a human dancing in the rain.”
Adversarial Attacks on Parts of Speech: An Empirical Study in Text-to-Image Generation (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent studies show that text-to-image models are vulnerable to adversarial perturbations .
Approach: They investigate the impact of adversarial attacks on different POS tags within text prompts on T2I models.
Outcome: The proposed model is vulnerable to adversarial perturbations with noun perturbations in text prompts.
Transferable Embedding Inversion Attack: Uncovering Privacy Risks in Text Embeddings without Model Queries (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent advances in text embedding models have significantly streamlined the process of generating embeddables.
Approach: They develop a transfer attack method that uses a surrogate model to mimic the victim model's behavior and infers sensitive information from embeddings without direct access.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing methods and reveals potential privacy vulnerabilities in embedding technologies.
ALGEN: Few-shot Inversion Attacks on Textual Embeddings via Cross-Model Alignment and Generation (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent studies have proven that private textual data is vulnerable to inversion attacks . authors present a method to reduce the cost of inversion and improve performance .
Approach: They propose a method that aligns victim embeddings to attack space and reconstructs text . they find that none of the defense mechanisms are effective against inversion attacks .
Outcome: The proposed method lowers the cost of inversion and improves performance across languages and domains.
Jailbreaking Prompt Attack: A Controllable Adversarial Attack against Diffusion Models (2025.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Text-to-image (T2I) models can be used to generate harmful content such as sexually explicit, unfaithful, and misleading or Not-Safe-for-Work (NSFW) images.
Approach: They propose a more practical and universal attack that does not require the presence of a target model.
Outcome: The proposed attack bypasses both text and image safety checkers while preserving high semantic alignment with the target prompt.
Multimodal Pragmatic Jailbreak on Text-to-image Models (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing jailbreaks for diffusion-based text-to-image models generate unsafe content . experimental results show that all tested models suffer from unsafe generation .
Approach: They propose a jailbreak that triggers diffusion-based text-to-image models to generate the image with visual text, resulting in unsafe content.
Outcome: The proposed model generates image with visual text, but the model is unsafe under such jailbreak.
A Strong and Robust Baseline for Text-Image Matching (P19-2)

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Challenge: Text-image matching is one of the most popular methods for training text-image embeddings.
Approach: They propose to use a kNN-margin loss that utilizes hard negatives and is robust to noise . they advocate using Inverted Softmax and Cross-modal Local Scaling during inference .
Outcome: The proposed loss function is robust to noise and pseudo negatives are tolerable . the proposed loss functions improve scores of all metrics by a large margin .
T3: Tree-Autoencoder Constrained Adversarial Text Generation for Targeted Attack (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing adversarial examples can induce arbitrary errors to the target models, but they can be exploited to estimate robustness of NLP models.
Approach: They propose a target-controllable adversarial attack framework T3 to handle adversarials . they use tree-based decoders to regularize the syntactic correctness of generated text .
Outcome: The proposed framework can be used to estimate the robustness of NLP models.
Multilingual Text-to-Image Generation Magnifies Gender Stereotypes (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Text-to-image (T2I) generation models have great results in image quality, flexibility, and text alignment, but they suffer from substantial gender bias.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to study gender bias in multilingual T2I models . they use multilingual prompts to account for grammatical differences influencing gender .
Outcome: The proposed benchmark shows strong gender biases and language-specific differences across models.

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