Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) are effective in human-AI collaborative decision-making, but they lack the ability to provide trustworthy, gradual, and tailored explanations.
Approach: They evaluate the performance of five Large Language Models in solving and explaining Sudoku puzzles.
Outcome: The proposed model can solve and explain complex Sudoku puzzles in a controlled environment.

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Puzzle Solving using Reasoning of Large Language Models: A Survey (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their logical reasoning abilities across various domains.
Approach: They propose to divide puzzles into rule-based and rule-less categories and critically assess LLMs' performance through various methodologies.
Outcome: The proposed models have demonstrated capabilities in deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning, but they face limitations in inductive thinking.
Assessing Logical Puzzle Solving in Large Language Models: Insights from a Minesweeper Case Study (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable proficiency in language understanding and have been successfully applied to a variety of real-world tasks through task-specific fine-tuning or prompt engineering.
Approach: They propose a task that challenges LLMs to identify the locations of mines based on numerical clues provided by adjacent cells.
Outcome: The proposed task requires an understanding of each cell’s state, discerning spatial relationships between clues and mines, and strategizing actions based on logical deductions drawn from the arrangement of the cells.
Explanation in the Era of Large Language Models (2024.naacl-tutorials)

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Challenge: Explanation has long been a part of communication, where humans use language to elucidate each other and transmit information about mechanisms of events.
Approach: They review the opportunities and challenges of explanations in the era of large language models and examine how they can be used to generate explanations.
Outcome: The proposed methods are based on the models of large language models (LLMs) and their opaque nature.
Can LLMs Generate and Solve Linguistic Olympiad Puzzles? (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks for solving linguistic puzzles are outdated and require expert linguists to ensure validity.
Approach: They propose a novel task that uses Large Language Models to generate and solve linguistic puzzles for high school students.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms humans on most puzzle types except for those centered on writing systems and for the understudied languages.
Large Language Models for Mathematical Reasoning: Progresses and Challenges (2024.eacl-srw)

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Challenge: a survey examines the landscape of mathematical problem-solving techniques . large language models have proven to be potent assets in unraveling nuances of mathematical reasoning .
Approach: They examine the evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) for solving mathematical problems . they examine the spectrum of LLM-oriented techniques proposed for solving math problems - and their challenges .
Outcome: The survey examines the spectrum of proposed LLM-oriented techniques in solving math problems.
Current Advances in LLM Reasoning (2026.acl-tutorials)

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Challenge: This tutorial examines comprehensive evaluation strategies to assess the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) advanced inference time methods and post-training methods that aim to make LLMs think more like humans are discussed in this tutorial.
Approach: This tutorial explores comprehensive evaluation strategies to assess the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) and discusses two types of methods to improve models’ reasoning: advanced inference time methods, structured and self-improvement inference methods, and post-training methods, such as RLHF, DPO, and GRPO.
Outcome: This tutorial examines evaluation strategies to assess the reasoning abilities of large language models and discusses two types of methods to improve models’ reasoning.
Large Language Models Help Humans Verify Truthfulness – Except When They Are Convincingly Wrong (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for accessing information on the web.
Approach: They conduct experiments with 80 crowdworkers to compare LLMs with search engines . they ask LLM to provide contrastive information to reduce over-reliance on LLM .
Outcome: The results show that LLMs can outperform search engines but not LLM explanations . the study shows that LMS explanations are not reliable replacements for reading retrieved passages compared to search engines alone.
Towards Reasoning in Large Language Models: A Survey (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence that plays a crucial role in many intellectual activities.
Approach: They propose to improve LLMs' ability to elicit reasoning by providing exemplars or prompts to model reasoning.
Outcome: This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the state of knowledge on reasoning in large language models.
Disentangling Text and Math in Word Problems: Evidence for the Bidimensional Structure of Large Language Models’ Reasoning (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing studies show that LLMs struggle with text interpretation and equation solving, despite distinct proficiencies in textual and mathematical components.
Approach: They disentangle textual interpretation and mathematical solving steps in word problems drawn from Brazil's largest college entrance exam and popular grade school-level benchmark GSM8K.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms LLMs in Brazil's largest college entrance exam and popular grade school-level benchmark.
Complex Reasoning in Natural Language (2023.acl-tutorials)

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Challenge: Recent research shows that pretrained language models are often brittle for complex reasoning tasks.
Approach: They propose to use pre-trained language models to teach machines to reason over texts . they will review recent promising approaches to tackling complex reasoning tasks .
Outcome: This tutorial reviews promising approaches to complex reasoning tasks . it reviews the methods that can be used to augment models with robustness .

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