Challenge: Existing evaluation methods for Figure-to-Text tasks are limited due to the inherent ambiguity and semantic compression of figures, the generated texts suffer from factual inaccuracies, incomplete coverage, and weak logical reasoning.
Approach: They propose a five-dimensional reference-free evaluation method aligned with expert criteria to support fine-grained evaluation.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms Gemini-2.0 and Claude-3.5 with only 0.9B parameters.

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Challenge: Existing text-rich image understanding benchmarks lack scale and fragmented scenarios . a new full-image structured output format is proposed to enable fine-grained evaluation of perception and reasoning capabilities.
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A Pragmatics-Centered Evaluation Framework for Natural Language Understanding (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: a number of studies have suggested that models induce universal text representations . current benchmarks focus on semantic phenomena, so pragmatics needs to be the focus .
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G-Eval: NLG Evaluation using Gpt-4 with Better Human Alignment (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Conventional reference-based metrics have low correlation with human judgments, especially for open-ended generation tasks.
Approach: They propose to use large language models as reference-free NLG evaluators to assess the quality of NLG outputs.
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AlignMMBench: Evaluating Chinese Multimodal Alignment in Large Vision-Language Models (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks focus on basic abilities using nonverbal methods, such as yes-no and multiple-choice questions.
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SocREval: Large Language Models with the Socratic Method for Reference-free Reasoning Evaluation (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing reference-free reasoning evaluation metrics rely on human-annotated reasoning chains as references, but require fine-tuning with human-derived chains before evaluation.
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Automatic Evaluation for Text-to-image Generation: Task-decomposed Framework, Distilled Training, and Meta-evaluation Benchmark (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing MLLMs rely on commercial models such as GPT-4o for evaluations, but they are not universally accessible.
Approach: They propose a task decomposition evaluation framework based on GPT-4o to automatically construct a specialized training dataset to break down the multifaceted evaluation process into simpler sub-tasks.
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GPT-Fathom: Benchmarking Large Language Models to Decipher the Evolutionary Path towards GPT-4 and Beyond (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing LLM leaderboards often reference scores reported in other papers without consistent settings and prompts, which may encourage cherry-picking favored settings and for better results.
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Judging the Judges: Can Large Vision-Language Models Fairly Evaluate Chart Comprehension and Reasoning? (2025.acl-industry)

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Challenge: Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are expensive and time-consuming to evaluate . however, they are limited in their use in industrial settings due to their limited availability and limited resources.
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EntEval: A Holistic Evaluation Benchmark for Entity Representations (D19-1)

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Challenge: EntEval is a test suite of tasks that require nontrivial understanding of entities.
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Holistic Evaluation for Interleaved Text-and-Image Generation (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing evaluation benchmarks do not support arbitrarily interleaved images and text for both inputs and outputs.
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