Challenge: Legal scholars are increasingly using corpus based methods for assessing historical meaning . main corpus used in legal arguments is the Corpus of Founding Era American English .
Approach: They demonstrate how NLP can be used to infer meaning change and variation using masked language models.
Outcome: The proposed method can be used to infer meaning change and variation using advanced methods.

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CCOHA: Clean Corpus of Historical American English (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods to model language change in diachronic studies have been used to overcome its limitations.
Approach: They propose to use the corpus of historical american english to overcome its limitations . they use a downloadable version of the corpora to remove inconsistent lemmas and malformed tokens .
Outcome: The proposed corpus overcomes its main limitations without compromising its qualitative and distributional properties.
A Diachronic Corpus for Literary Style Analysis (L18-1)

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Challenge: Temporal style analysis is not widely taken into account, says aaron daelemans . he says it is important to consider the possibility of an author's style frequently changing over time . daelemens: synchronic style analysis requires accurate time-stamped data .
Approach: They propose a resource for diachronic style analysis in particular the analysis of literary authors over time.
Outcome: The proposed resource can be used to analyze literary authors over time.
Measuring and Modeling Language Change (N19-5)

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Challenge: This tutorial will help researchers answer questions fundamental to the social sciences and humanities .
Approach: This tutorial is designed to help researchers answer questions in the social sciences and humanities . it synthesizes recent computational techniques for handling and modeling temporal data .
Outcome: The tutorial will synthesize recent techniques for handling and modeling temporal data, such as dynamic word embeddings, and identify useful tools for social scientists and digital humanities scholars.
To Boldly Query What No One Has Annotated Before? The Frontiers of Corpus Querying (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: a systematic review of corpora and query tools focuses on the query side . annotated corporata are the backbone of many fields in linguistics .
Approach: They propose a chronology of the major interplay between corpus progression and query tool evolution . they focus on the query side and hints at exciting directions for future development .
Outcome: This paper provides a broad overview of the history of corpora and query tools . it focuses on the query side and hints at exciting directions for future development .
Quality Does Matter: A Detailed Look at the Quality and Utility of Web-Mined Parallel Corpora (2024.eacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing web-mined corpora for low-resource languages have serious quality issues, especially for lowresource language pairs.
Approach: They ranked each corpus according to a similarity measure and evaluated different portions of this ranked corpus.
Outcome: The results show that the quality of web-mined corpora for low-resource languages is significantly different from human-curated corporats.
Text Mining for History: first steps on building a large dataset (L18-1)

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Challenge: a new corpus on the history domain is being created to mine text in the domain . primary motivation for the project is the need to query the material in a non-linear way .
Approach: They propose to use a Brazilian historical-biographical dictionary as a resource for text mining.
Outcome: The proposed corpus is a reference work on the Brazilian history domain . it contains almost 12 millions tokens in about three hundred thousand sentences . the authors argue that the proposed corpu is linguistically motivated .
From FreEM to D’AlemBERT: a Large Corpus and a Language Model for Early Modern French (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Anguage models for historical states of language are becoming more complex to process and more scarce in the corpora available.
Approach: They propose to use a contextualised language model to analyse historical states of language in French.
Outcome: The proposed model is based on a corpus of historical texts and is evaluated with an NLP task.
The Royal Society Corpus 6.0: Providing 300+ Years of Scientific Writing for Humanistic Study (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: a new version of the Royal Society Corpus covers 300+ years of scientific writing . the corpus is freely available under a Creative Commons license, excluding copy-righted parts .
Approach: They present a new version of the Royal Society Corpus, a diachronic corpus of scientific English covering 300+ years of scientific writing.
Outcome: The extended version of the Royal Society Corpus covers 300+ years of scientific writing . the corpus is freely available under a Creative Commons license, excluding copy-righted parts .
The DReaM Corpus: A Multilingual Annotated Corpus of Grammars for the World’s Languages (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Until recently, language descriptions were available in paper form only, with indexes as the only search aid.
Approach: They propose to digitize a multilingual corpus of language descriptions and annotate it with various meta, word, and text attributes to make searching and analysis easier and more useful.
Outcome: The proposed corpus is searchable through a couple of well-established corpus infrastructures.
Identifying Emerging Concepts in Large Corpora (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for text analysis are not specifically designed for identifying emergent concepts, instead applying general-purpose techniques that do not account for distinct temporal patterns associated with conceptual emergence.
Approach: They propose a method to identify emerging concepts in large text corpora by analyzing changes in the heatmaps of the underlying embedding space.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing methods by analyzing speeches in the U.S. Senate from 1941 to 2015.

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