| Challenge: | Existing approaches to serialize large language models disregard critical relational structures and creates redundancies. |
| Approach: | They propose a graph neural network encoder to create structured relational prompts for large language models within a retrieval-augmented generation framework. |
| Outcome: | The proposed architecture preserves relational structure of databases while enabling LLMs to process and reason over complex entity relationships. |
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LLaSA: Large Language and Structured Data Assistant (2025.naacl-long)
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Yao Xu, Shizhu He, Jiabei Chen, ZengXiangrong ZengXiangrong, Bingning Wang, Guang Liu, Jun Zhao, Kang Liu
| Challenge: | Structured knowledge grounding (SKG) tasks are a key part of many NLP applications. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for enhancing LLMs' ability to handle structured data . they represent various types of structured data in a unified hypergraph format . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing methods on SKG tasks using LoRA finetuning. |
Each graph is a new language: Graph Learning with LLMs (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Natural language is used to describe graphs, but graph descriptions become verbose and only relying on attribute embeddings limits LLM’s ability to capture adequate graph structural information. |
| Approach: | They propose a graph-defined language for large language model that translates the graph into a corpus instead of graph descriptions and pre-trains LLMs on this corpus to adequately understand the graph. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on five datasets show that the proposed framework outperforms description-based and embedding-based baselines by efficiently modeling different orders of neighbors. |
Let’s Ask GNN: Empowering Large Language Model for Graph In-Context Learning (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Textual Attributed Graphs (TAGs) are crucial for modeling complex real-world systems, yet leveraging large language models (LLMs) for TAGs presents unique challenges due to the gap between sequential text processing and graph-structured data. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel approach that leverages In-Context Learning to integrate graph data and task-specific information into large language models (LLMs) they employ a Graph Neural Network-powered structure-enhanced retriever to select labeled nodes across graphs, incorporating complex graph structures and their supervision signals. |
| Outcome: | Experiments on three tasks and seven LLMs show that AskGNN performs better than existing methods. |
Language is All a Graph Needs (2024.findings-eacl)
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| Challenge: | Existing work on integrating graph problems into generative language modeling framework remains limited. |
| Approach: | They propose an LLM with instructions based on natural language to perform graph tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model surpasses all GNN baselines on ogbn-arxiv, Cora and PubMed datasets and sheds light on generative LLMs as new foundation model for graph machine learning. |
Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models for Heterophilic Graphs (2025.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches for heterophilic graphs overlook rich textual data associated with nodes, which could unlock deeper insights into their heterophilistic contexts. |
| Approach: | They propose a two-stage framework to enhance node classification on heterophilic graphs by leveraging open-world knowledge encoded by large language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework can be used to better characterize heterophilic graphs, where neighboring nodes often exhibit different labels. |
GraphICL: Unlocking Graph Learning Potential in LLMs through Structured Prompt Design (2025.findings-naacl)
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| Challenge: | Text-Attributed Graphs (TAGs) are a powerful tool for understanding complex systems and relationships. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark to evaluate large language models for graph-structured data using prompts. |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmark outperforms state-of-the-art graph LLMs and graph neural networks on graph learning tasks without training. |
From Nodes to Narratives: Explaining Graph Neural Networks with LLMs and Graph Context (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing explanation methods for graph neural networks struggle to generate interpretable, fine-grained rationales. |
| Approach: | They propose a lightweight framework that uses large language models to generate interpretable explanations for GNNs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework generates interpretable explanations for GNN predictions using large language models. |
Neural Topic Modeling with Large Language Models in the Loop (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities in topic discovery, but their direct application to topic modeling suffers from issues such as incomplete topic coverage, misalignment of topics, and inefficiency. |
| Approach: | They propose a novel LLM-in-the-loop framework that integrates Large Language Models with Neural Topic Models (NTMs) global topics and document representations are learned through the NTM, while an LLM refines these topics using an Optimal Transport (OT)-based alignment objective. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves topic interpretability while preserving the efficiency of existing NTMs. |
MSG-LLM: A Multi-scale Interactive Framework for Graph-enhanced Large Language Models (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing graph-enhanced large language models (LLMs) focus on matching subgraphs between subgraph and candidate subgraph at the same scale, neglecting that subgraph with different scales may also share similar semantics or structures. |
| Approach: | They propose to use graph kernel search to discover subgraphs from the entire graph to bridge the graph and LLMs, helping with graph retrieval and LRM generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art on two graph-based tasks and the results are published in the journal Nature. |
Large Language Models can Contrastively Refine their Generation for Better Sentence Representation Learning (2024.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for training contrastive learning based sentence embedding models are largely influenced by the quality of sentence pairs. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that decomposes LLMs into three stages for training . they propose to refine the generated content at these stages to ensure only high-quality sentence pairs are utilized to train a base contrastive learning model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework surpasses ChatGPT and ChatGPP in terms of performance. |