| Challenge: | Cognitive science and symbolic AI research suggest that event causality provides vital information for story understanding. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for event causality identification that leads to material improvements in story understanding. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves story understanding on the COPES dataset . it achieves 4.1-10.9% increase on Clip Accuracy and 4.2-13.5% increase on Sentence IoU . |
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for causal relationship extraction are limited and lack of unified methods hinder progress in the field. |
| Approach: | They propose to summarize existing methods and propose a new causal sequence label method . they propose to use multiple candidate causal label sequences according to label controversy . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method summarises existing methods and explores their practicability and extensibility from multiple perspectives. |
The Causal News Corpus: Annotating Causal Relations in Event Sentences from News (2022.lrec-1)
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Fiona Anting Tan, Ali Hürriyetoğlu, Tommaso Caselli, Nelleke Oostdijk, Tadashi Nomoto, Hansi Hettiarachchi, Iqra Ameer, Onur Uca, Farhana Ferdousi Liza, Tiancheng Hu
| Challenge: | Existing annotation guidelines for event causality focus on only explicit relations or clauses. |
| Approach: | They propose an annotation schema for event causality that addresses these concerns . they annotated 3,559 event sentences from protest event news with labels on whether it contains causal relations or not. |
| Outcome: | The proposed annotation schema for event causality addresses these concerns . it performs well with 81.20% F1 score on test set and 83.46% in 5-folds cross-validation . |
Knowledge-Enriched Event Causality Identification via Latent Structure Induction Networks (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for identifying causal relations of events are limited . Existing approaches cannot handle well the problem, especially in the condition of lacking training data. |
| Approach: | They propose a Latent Structure Induction Network to integrate external structural knowledge into a causality reasoning task. |
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Event Causality Identification via Derivative Prompt Joint Learning (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for event causality identification lack annotated data, and they lack the ability to identify explicit and implicit causality. |
| Approach: | They propose a derivative prompt joint learning model which leverages potential causal knowledge in the pre-trained language model to tackle the data scarcity problem. |
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CausalNLP Tutorial: An Introduction to Causality for Natural Language Processing (2022.emnlp-tutorials)
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| Challenge: | Establishing causal relationships is a fundamental goal of scientific research . lack of clear definitions, notations, benchmark datasets, and challenges remains . |
| Approach: | They introduce the fundamentals of causal discovery and causal effect estimation to the natural language processing audience and provide an overview of causal perspectives to NLP problems. |
| Outcome: | This tutorial introduces the fundamentals of causal discovery and causal effect estimation to the natural language processing audience and provides an overview of causal perspectives to NLP problems. |
Enhancing Event Causality Identification with Counterfactual Reasoning (2023.acl-short)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for event causality identification (ECI) focus on mining potential causal signals, but causal signals are ambiguous, which may lead to the context-keywords bias and the event-pairs bias. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that explicitly estimates the influence of context keywords and event pairs in training to eliminate biases in inference. |
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Modeling Document-level Causal Structures for Event Causal Relation Identification (N19-1)
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| Challenge: | a study aims to identify all the event causal relations in a document, both within a sentence and across sentences . main challenges for achieving comprehensive causal relation identification are sparse among all possible event pairs . few causal relations are explicitly stated, especially for identifying cross-sentence causal relations . |
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Causal Inference in Natural Language Processing: Estimation, Prediction, Interpretation and Beyond (2022.tacl-1)
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Amir Feder, Katherine A. Keith, Emaad Manzoor, Reid Pryzant, Dhanya Sridhar, Zach Wood-Doughty, Jacob Eisenstein, Justin Grimmer, Roi Reichart, Margaret E. Roberts, Brandon M. Stewart, Victor Veitch, Diyi Yang
| Challenge: | causality has not had the same importance in natural language processing, says aaron e. smith . he says research on causality in NLP remains scattered across domains without unified definitions . |
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| Outcome: | The proposed method is a unified overview of causal inference for the NLP community. |
Event Causality Identification with Synthetic Control (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to event causality identification have primarily utilized linguistic patterns and multi-hop relational inference, risking false causality . |
| Approach: | They propose to use the Rubin Causal Model to identify event causality by generating a twin from existing corpora. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can identify causal relations more robustly than previous methods, including GPT-4, which is demonstrated on a causality benchmark, COPES-hard. |
CRAB: Assessing the Strength of Causal Relationships Between Real-world Events (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing models for reasoning about events in narratives do not understand the complexity of the causal relationships of events in the narrative. |
| Approach: | They propose a Causal Reasoning Assessment Benchmark to evaluate causal understanding of events in narratives. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs worse when models are derived from complex causal structures than simple linear causal chains. |