Challenge: Prior work claimed that explicit classifiers perform poorly in implicit scenarios . a label shift occurs after connectives are removed, but no empirical evidence supports this claim .
Approach: They propose to prove that the discourse relations expressed by some explicit instances will change when connectives disappear.
Outcome: The proposed methods outperform strong baselines on PDTB 2.0, PDTT 3.0, and the GUM dataset.

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Implicit Discourse Relation Classification: We Need to Talk about Evaluation (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Lack of consistency in preprocessing and evaluation poses challenges to fair comparison of results in literature.
Approach: They propose an improved evaluation protocol for implicit relation classification on PDTB 2.0 . they report strong baseline results from pretrained sentence encoders .
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Employing the Correspondence of Relations and Connectives to Identify Implicit Discourse Relations via Label Embeddings (P19-1)

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Challenge: Existing models for implicit discourse relation recognition lack the ability to accurately map connectives into discourse relations.
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Clarifying Underspecified Discourse Relations in Instructional Texts (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Discourse relations can be optionally realized through explicit connectives such as “but” and “while”.
Approach: They build a corpus of 4,274 text revisions in which a connective was explicitly inserted . they collect plausibility annotations on other connectives to check whether they represent suitable alternatives .
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Adapting BERT to Implicit Discourse Relation Classification with a Focus on Discourse Connectives (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing studies on the performance of BERT for implicit discourse relation classification have not been conducted.
Approach: They propose to apply BERT to implicit discourse relation classification by performing additional pre-training on text tailored to discourse relations.
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Towards Identifying Alternative-Lexicalization Signals of Discourse Relations (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing shallow discourse parsing methods have been limited to identifying relations signaled by a discourse connective and those without a signal.
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Improving Implicit Discourse Relation Classification by Modeling Inter-dependencies of Discourse Units in a Paragraph (N18-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for predicting implicit discourse relations ignore wider paragraph contexts beyond the two discourse units examined for a discourse relation prediction.
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Is Partial Linguistic Information Sufficient for Discourse Connective Disambiguation? A Case Study of Concession (2025.acl-srw)

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Challenge: Discourse relations are often not linguistically marked, but there are various connectives that explicitly signal discourse relations.
Approach: They analyze linguistic features that play an important role in disambiguation of polysemous connectives in Japanese by performing a neural language model.
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Using active learning to expand training data for implicit discourse relation recognition (D18-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods to determine semantic relations between text spans are limited in the field of discourse-level relation recognition.
Approach: They propose to expand the training data set using the corpus of explicitly-related arguments by arbitrarily dropping the overtly presented discourse connectives.
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Annotation-Inspired Implicit Discourse Relation Classification with Auxiliary Discourse Connective Generation (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Discourse connectives are words or phrases that signal the presence of a discourse relation.
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Multi-Label Classification for Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Prior research in discourse relation recognition has treated these instances as separate examples during training, with a gold-standard prediction matching one of the labels considered correct at test time.
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