Challenge: Despite its profound linguistic and cultural significance, Tajiki Persian remains a low-resource language with scant digitized datasets for computational applications.
Approach: They propose to use Shahnameh, a seminal Persian epic poem, to train and assess Tajiki Persian transliteration models using two prominent sequence-to-sequence architectures: GRU with attention and transformer.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms pre-trained models with attention and transformer.

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Challenge: Despite significant similarities between the two written standards, script differences hinder simple one-to-one mapping, hindering written communication and interaction between Tajikistan and its Persian-speaking “siblings”.
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Matina: A Large-Scale 73B Token Persian Text Corpus (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing Persian datasets are small and lack content diversity . lack of high-quality data has slowed development of NLP models and open-source LLMs for Persian.
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AraT5: Text-to-Text Transformers for Arabic Language Generation (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing models that convert text-based language problems into text-to-text format are not suitable for multilingual tasks.
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Code-Switching and Back-Transliteration Using a Bilingual Model (2024.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: a wealth of Judeo-Arabic texts is available on the internet, but most speakers of Arabic are unfamiliar with the Hebrew script.
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HarfoSokhan: A Comprehensive Parallel Dataset for Transitions between Persian Colloquial and Formal Variations (2026.eacl-long)

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Challenge: A wide array of NLP/NLU models have been developed for the Persian language but performance drops when applied to the colloquial form of Persian.
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GE2PE: Persian End-to-End Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing text-to-speech systems struggle to produce natural speech from grapheme sequences . Grapheme-to phoneme conversion (G2P) systems face limitations when dealing with Persian texts due to the complexity of Persian transcription.
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Challenging the Transformer-based models with a Classical Arabic dataset: Quran and Hadith (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Existing benchmark datasets have a low readability index which does not reflect real-world complex data.
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ManaTTS Persian: a recipe for creating TTS datasets for lower resource languages (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: a new text-to-speech system is needed for visual impairments and the visually impaired . a text-based system is not available for all users, and is therefore limited to a limited audience.
Approach: They propose to use ManaTTS, the most extensive publicly accessible Persian corpus . they use a fully transparent, MIT-licensed pipeline to collect transcribed speech datasets .
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MirasText: An Automatically Generated Text Corpus for Persian (L18-1)

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Challenge: Natural language processing is one of the most important fields of artificial intelligence.
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Parsivar: A Language Processing Toolkit for Persian (L18-1)

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Challenge: a preprocessing step is required to convert text into a standard format for NLP tasks.
Approach: They propose a Persian preprocessing toolkit that performs various kinds of activities . they use a plagiarism detection system to exploit the proposed toolkit .
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