Challenge: End-to-end task-oriented dialogue systems fall into the so-called ‘likelihood trap’, resulting in generated responses which are dull, repetitive, and inconsistent with dialogue history.
Approach: They propose a reranking method to select high-quality items from the initial overgenerated list without the availability of the gold response.
Outcome: The proposed method is based on a multi-woz dataset and human evaluation.

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Challenge: Existing methods to train retrieval-based dialogue systems are suboptimal . existing methods to optimize retrieval and rerank modules are sub-optimal, causing sub-optimum performance.
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Retrieval-Generation Alignment for End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialogue System (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: generative models struggle to distinguish subtle differences among retrieved knowledge records, resulting in suboptimal quality of generated responses.
Approach: They propose to use maximum marginal likelihood to train a perceptive retriever by utilizing signals from response generation for supervision.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves on three task-oriented dialogue datasets using T5 and ChatGPT as the backbone models.
Re2G: Retrieve, Rerank, Generate (2022.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Recent models such as RAG and REALM incorporate retrieval into conditional generation.
Approach: They propose a method that combines retrieval and reranking into a BART-based sequence-to-sequence generation.
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Uni-Encoder: A Fast and Accurate Response Selection Paradigm for Generation-Based Dialogue Systems (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to decode a given context-candidate pair are expensive and time-consuming.
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LLM-Enhanced Query Generation and Retrieval Preservation for Task-Oriented Dialogue (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing knowledge retrieval methods for task-oriented dialogues are limited by data scarcity and lack of data to annotate.
Approach: They propose an LLM-enhanced model of query-guided knowledge retrieval for task-oriented dialogue . they propose to select the most relevant knowledge from retrieved top-K records and incorporate them as prompts to guide a generator in response generation.
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Retrieval-guided Dialogue Response Generation via a Matching-to-Generation Framework (D19-1)

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Challenge: generative models for end-to-end sequence generation have been shown promising for this task . however, how to precisely extract a skeleton and how to effectively train a retrieval-guided response generator is still challenging.
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Gumbel Reranking: Differentiable End-to-End Reranker Optimization (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing distillation-based approaches suffer from training-inference misalignment and fail to capture interdependencies among candidate documents.
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RankGen: Improving Text Generation with Large Ranking Models (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Modern language models assign high probabilities to output sequences that are repetitive, incoherent, or irrelevant to the prefix.
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Evaluating Dialogue Generation Systems via Response Selection (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing automatic evaluation metrics for open-domain dialogue systems correlate poorly with human evaluation.
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Selecting Better Samples from Pre-trained LLMs: A Case Study on Question Generation (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive prowess in natural language generation.
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