Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have performed impressively in various NLP tasks, but their inherent hallucination phenomena severely challenge their credibility in complex reasoning.
Approach: They propose to integrate explainable Knowledge Graphs (KGs) with LLMs to alleviate hallucinations . they construct subgraphs to enhance the retrieval capabilities of KGs via CoT reasoning.
Outcome: Extensive experiments on two KGQA datasets show that the proposed model achieves convincing performance compared to strong baselines.

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KG-GPT: A General Framework for Reasoning on Knowledge Graphs Using Large Language Models (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Using large language models for complex reasoning tasks on knowledge graphs remains unexplored.
Approach: They propose a multi-purpose framework leveraging large language models for complex reasoning tasks on knowledge graphs.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms fully-supervised models in KG-based fact verification and KGQA benchmarks.
Can Knowledge Graphs Make Large Language Models More Trustworthy? An Empirical Study Over Open-ended Question Answering (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks for integrating Knowledge Graphs with Large Language Models focus on closed-ended tasks, leaving a gap in evaluating performance on more complex, real-world scenarios.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to evaluate LLMs augmented with KGs in open-ended, real-world question answering settings.
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Large Language Models Meet Knowledge Graphs for Question Answering: Synthesis and Opportunities (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance on question-answering tasks due to their superior capabilities in natural language understanding and generation.
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The Role of Exploration Modules in Small Language Models for Knowledge Graph Question Answering (2025.acl-srw)

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Challenge: Existing methods to integrate knowledge graphs into large language models often rely on proprietary or extremely large models .
Approach: They propose to integrate knowledge graphs into reasoning processes of large language models . they propose to use simple and efficient exploration modules to handle knowledge graph traversal .
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What Has Been Enhanced in my Knowledge-Enhanced Language Model? (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing knowledge integration methods such as linear probes and prompts have key limitations in answering these questions.
Approach: They propose a new probe model which integrates external knowledge from knowledge graphs into pretrained language models (LMs) ERNIE and K-Adapter are proposed as KI methods .
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KG-Adapter: Enabling Knowledge Graph Integration in Large Language Models through Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) are criticized for lack of expertise and knowledge conflict . KG-Adapter is a parameter-level KG integration method for decoder-only LLMs .
Approach: They propose a parameter-level KG integration method based on parameter-efficient fine-tuning . they use KG-Adapter to integrate knowledge graphs with LLMs and perform joint reasoning .
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A Framework of Knowledge Graph-Enhanced Large Language Model Based on Question Decomposition and Atomic Retrieval (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods to enhance LLMs with knowledge graphs have limited results . knowledge graph question answering (KGQA) provides interpretable reasoning for large language models .
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Learning to Plan for Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models from Knowledge Graphs (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent studies have attempted to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) in complex question-answering (QA) tasks by combining step-wise planning with external retrieval.
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Knowledge Graph-Enhanced Large Language Models via Path Selection (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown unprecedented performance in various real-world applications, but they are known to generate factually inaccurate outputs.
Approach: They propose a framework to integrate external knowledge extracted from Knowledge Graphs (KGs) they propose to generate scores for knowledge paths with input texts via latent semantic matching.
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Digest the Knowledge: Large Language Models empowered Message Passing for Knowledge Graph Question Answering (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods to augment large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge are unorganized and unorganized.
Approach: They propose a method that learns a concise facts graph and encodes it into multi-level lists of texts to augment LLMs.
Outcome: The proposed method improves on all 5 knowledge graph question answering datasets and offers human-level semantic explainability.

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