Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated an impressive capability known as In-context Learning (ICL), which enables them to acquire knowledge from textual demonstrations without the need for parameter updates.
Approach: They propose to use model’s previously predicted historical samples as demonstrations for subsequent ones to improve model’ s performance.
Outcome: The proposed method significantly outperforms the previous method and its predecessors in terms of inference cost and time.

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Enhancing In-Context Learning via Implicit Demonstration Augmentation (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: In-context learning (ICL) is a new paradigm for pre-trained language models that can make predictions for unseen inputs without updating parameters.
Approach: They propose a method that enables a model to augmented copies of a demonstration by leveraging their deep feature distribution and a logit calibration mechanism.
Outcome: The proposed method significantly improves the average and worst-case accuracy across diverse PLMs and tasks.
Self-ICL: Zero-Shot In-Context Learning with Self-Generated Demonstrations (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have shown striking ability to adapt to target tasks with a few input-output demonstrations.
Approach: They propose a framework which bootstraps LMs’ intrinsic capabilities to perform zero-shot ICL.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baselines on 23 BIG-Bench Hard tasks on average accuracy and head-to-head comparison.
In-Context Learning with Iterative Demonstration Selection (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing literature has highlighted the importance of selecting examples that are diverse or semantically similar to the test sample . Existing studies have shown that the optimal selection dimension, i.e., diversity or similarity, is task-specific.
Approach: They propose to use zero-shot chain-of-thought reasoning to iteratively select examples that are diverse but still strongly correlated with the test sample as ICL demonstrations.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing demonstration selection methods on reasoning, question answering, and topic classification tasks.
Z-ICL: Zero-Shot In-Context Learning with Pseudo-Demonstrations (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for zero-shot learning are based on in-context training, but performance drops when no demonstrations are available.
Approach: They propose a new method that constructs pseudo-demonstrations for a given test input using a raw text corpus and applies techniques to reduce copying.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms previous zero-shot methods on nine classification datasets and is on par with in-context learning with labeled training data in the few-shot setting.
Self-Demos: Eliciting Out-of-Demonstration Generalizability in Large Language Models (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing methods that rely on limited demos and out-of-demonstration (OOD) queries fail when faced with out- of-demotion queries.
Approach: They propose a query-aware prompting method that elicits the inherent generalizability of large language models by query-based demo generation.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in the OOD setting and two public math benchmarks.
D.Va: Validate Your Demonstration First Before You Use It (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: In-context learning (ICL) heavily relies on selecting effective demonstrations to achieve outputs that better align with the expected results.
Approach: They propose a method which integrates a demonstration validation perspective into this field and integrates it into the learning paradigm.
Outcome: The proposed method surpasses all retrieval-based in-context learning techniques across both natural language understanding (NLU) and natural language generation (NLG) tasks.
The Whole is Better than the Sum: Using Aggregated Demonstrations in In-Context Learning for Sequential Recommendation (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have shown excellent performance on various NLP tasks.
Approach: They propose a method that integrates multiple demonstration users into one aggregated demonstration to improve sequential recommendation.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art LLM-based sequential recommendation methods on three recommendation datasets.
Learning to Select In-Context Demonstration Preferred by Large Language Model (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: In-context learning (ICL) enables large language models to perform tasks with only a few examples as demonstrations.
Approach: They propose a generative preference learning framework that leverages LLM feedback to directly optimize demonstration selection for ICL.
Outcome: Experiments on 19 datasets across 11 task categories show that GenICL achieves superior performance than existing methods in selecting the most effective demonstrations.
Revisiting In-Context Learning with Long Context Language Models (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: In-Context Learning (ICL) is a technique by which language models make predictions based on examples provided in their input context.
Approach: They revisited previous studies using in-context learning techniques . they found that using a data augmentation approach, they significantly improved ICL performance .
Outcome: The proposed approach significantly improves ICL performance on 18 datasets spanning 4 tasks . the proposed approach does not improve performance over a simple random sample selection method .
PICLe: Pseudo-annotations for In-Context Learning in Low-Resource Named Entity Detection (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: In-context learning is sensitive to the choice of demonstrations and can be used for tasks with few examples.
Approach: They propose a framework for in-context learning with noisy, pseudo-annotated demonstrations . they annotate large quantities of demonstrations in a zero-shot first pass .
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms ICL on biomedical NED datasets with zero human-annotation.

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