Challenge: Existing methods for speech recognition suffer from the synthetic-to-real gap . existing methods suffer from this distributional shift due to acoustic mismatches .
Approach: They propose to use task arithmetic to fine-tune an ASR model on synthetic data to mitigate the synthetic-to-real gap.
Outcome: The proposed method shows an improvement of 10.03% over baselines on the SLURP dataset.

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Challenge: ASR models can be used to correct accent-specific errors without ground truth . pseudo-labels inherit the teacher model's systematic biases, authors say .
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Failing Forward: Improving Generative Error Correction for ASR with Synthetic Data and Retrieval Augmentation (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Generative Error Correction (GEC) is a powerful post-processing method to boost the performance of Automatic Speech Recognition systems.
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Why Aren’t We NER Yet? Artifacts of ASR Errors in Named Entity Recognition in Spontaneous Speech Transcripts (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: despite advances in language models, the transcript of spontaneous human-human conversations remains an insurmountable challenge for most models.
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Lost in Transcription: Identifying and Quantifying the Accuracy Biases of Automatic Speech Recognition Systems Against Disfluent Speech (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Automatic speech recognition systems fail to accurately interpret speech patterns deviating from typical fluency, leading to critical usability issues and misinterpretations.
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MoE-SLU: Towards ASR-Robust Spoken Language Understanding via Mixture-of-Experts (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Spoken language understanding (SLU) is a crucial task in task-oriented dialogue systems.
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Multi-Stage Multi-Modal Pre-Training for Automatic Speech Recognition (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for pre-training for automatic speech recognition (ASR) focus on single-stage pre-train followed by fine-tuning on downstream task.
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Synthetic Audio Helps for Cognitive State Tasks (2025.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Prior work in NLP focuses on tasks that involve extracting information about the cognitive states of human entities from text.
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Evaluating Open-Source ASR Systems: Performance Across Diverse Audio Conditions and Error Correction Methods (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Automated speech recognition (ASR) systems are able to transcribe spontaneous human conversations with high accuracy.
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Best of Both Worlds: Making High Accuracy Non-incremental Transformer-based Disfluency Detection Incremental (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Currently, Transformer-based text classifiers are not suitable for live incremental processing, operating only on the level of complete sentence inputs.
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[b] = [d] - [t] + [p]: Self-supervised Speech Models Discover Phonological Vector Arithmetic (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing studies on how self-supervised speech models encode rich phonetic information have not explored how they are structured.
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