Challenge: Using large language models (LLMs) for automatic evaluation has become an important evaluation method in NLP research.
Approach: They use large language models (LLMs) for automatic evaluation to evaluate a sample . they propose several recommendations for integrating LLMs into future classroom evaluations .
Outcome: The proposed model is able to output high scores without meeting the evaluation instructions, the authors note . their model is not able for students to manipulate the model to output specific strings, they say .

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Are Large Language Model-based Evaluators the Solution to Scaling Up Multilingual Evaluation? (2024.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various tasks, but their evaluation, especially in languages beyond the top 20, remains inadequate due to existing benchmarks and metrics limitations.
Approach: They propose to use Large Language Models as evaluators to rank or score other models’ outputs by calibrating them against 20K human judgments across three text-generation tasks, five metrics, and eight languages.
Outcome: The proposed evaluation methods can be used to improve multilingual evaluation by calibrating them against 20K human judgments across three text-generation tasks, five metrics, and eight languages.
Exploring the Reliability of Large Language Models as Customized Evaluators for Diverse NLP Tasks (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing work uses large language models (LLMs) to evaluate natural language process tasks, but there are shortcomings in current LLMs.
Approach: They examine the alignment between LLM evaluators and human annotators by comparing conventional and alignment tasks with different evaluation criteria.
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Evaluating Large Language Models on Wikipedia-Style Survey Generation (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent studies have shown that large language models can perform well in general tasks, but their effectiveness and limitations in domainspecific tasks remain unclear.
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Large Language Models are Not Yet Human-Level Evaluators for Abstractive Summarization (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: ChatGPT and GPT-4 are popular as evaluation metric for complex generative tasks . however, they are not ready as human replacements due to significant limitations .
Approach: They conduct extensive analysis to examine the stability and reliability of LLMs as automatic evaluators for abstractive summarization.
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A Systematic Survey and Critical Review on Evaluating Large Language Models: Challenges, Limitations, and Recommendations (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention due to their capabilities in performing diverse tasks across domains.
Approach: They review the primary challenges and limitations causing inconsistencies in evaluations . early models could generate coherent text but limited to simple tasks .
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Leveraging Large Language Models for NLG Evaluation: Advances and Challenges (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: introducing Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new avenues for assessing generated content quality, e.g., coherence, creativity, and context relevance.
Approach: They propose a taxonomy for organizing existing LLM-based evaluation metrics and a structured framework to understand and compare them.
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Evaluation Metrics in the Era of GPT-4: Reliably Evaluating Large Language Models on Sequence to Sequence Tasks (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) evaluation is a patchy and inconsistent landscape . established automatic evaluation metrics are poor surrogates, correlating weakly with human judgement.
Approach: They propose to use both automatic and human evaluation to evaluate generative LLMs on three NLP benchmarks: text summarisation, text simplification and grammatical error correction.
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Executing Natural Language-Described Algorithms with Large Language Models: An Investigation (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of natural language processing and artificial intelligence, creating new SOTAs and reaching human-level language understanding performance on a series of tasks and benchmarks.
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Learning to Judge: LLMs Designing and Applying Evaluation Rubrics (2026.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Large language models are increasingly used as evaluators for natural language generation . human rubrics are often static and misaligned with how models internally represent language quality.
Approach: They propose to use large language models to generate interpretable and task-aware evaluation dimensions and apply them within models.
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Benchmarking Generation and Evaluation Capabilities of Large Language Models for Instruction Controllable Summarization (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Recent studies have found that large language models (LLMs) can achieve state-of-the-art performance on generic summarization benchmarks, but their performance on more complex summarizing task settings is less studied.
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