Challenge: Multilingual pre-trained language models (mPLMs) have demonstrated notable effectiveness in zero-shot cross-lingual transfer tasks.
Approach: They propose a method that uses soft-prompt tuning to tune for language adaptation . prompt tuning outperforms continuously trained baselines on two benchmarks .
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms baselines on two text classification benchmarks while utilizing 0.28% of tuned parameters.

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Match the Script, Adapt if Multilingual: Analyzing the Effect of Multilingual Pretraining on Cross-lingual Transferability (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Pretrained multilingual models enable zero-shot learning even for unseen languages . current multilingual model covers only a small subset of the world's languages - due to data sparsity, they are not likely to obtain good results for many lowresource languages.
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Cross-lingual Few-Shot Learning on Unseen Languages (2022.aacl-main)

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Challenge: Large pre-trained language models have demonstrated the ability to obtain good performance on downstream tasks with limited examples in resource-rich languages.
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Prompt-Tuning Can Be Much Better Than Fine-Tuning on Cross-lingual Understanding With Multilingual Language Models (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Pre-trained multilingual language models show significant performance gains for zero-shot cross-lingual model transfer on a wide range of natural language understanding (NLU) tasks.
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Stop Pre-Training: Adapt Visual-Language Models to Unseen Languages (2023.acl-short)

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Challenge: Existing studies have shown that the pre-training in English does not transfer well to other languages in a zero-shot setting.
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Zero-shot Cross-lingual Transfer of Prompt-based Tuning with a Unified Multilingual Prompt (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing work focuses on monolingual prompts, but we study multilingual prompt for multilingual models.
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Adapting Pre-trained Language Models to African Languages via Multilingual Adaptive Fine-Tuning (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Multilingual pre-trained language models have shown impressive performance on several downstream tasks for both high-resourced and low-resource languages.
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Modular Monolingual Adaptation using Pretrained Language Models (2026.acl-industry)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to building monolingual models for low-resource languages require a full model tuning process.
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MultiFiT: Efficient Multi-lingual Language Model Fine-tuning (D19-1)

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Challenge: Pretrained language models require unlabelled data for training, while cross-lingual models underperform on low-resource languages.
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Adapting Language Models for Zero-shot Learning by Meta-tuning on Dataset and Prompt Collections (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Large pre-trained language models (LMs) have a surprising ability to perform zero-shot learning.
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Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting in Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Generation (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: generative multilingual models fine-tuned on English forget to generate non-English data when labeled data is only available in English . generative models fine tuned on English fail to generate multilingual summarization tasks when labeling data is available in other languages .
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