Challenge: Existing methods to annotate large language models rely on a fixed set of human-annotated exemplars, which are not always the most effective for different tasks.
Approach: They propose a method to adapt large language models to different tasks with task-specific example prompts (annotated with human-designed CoT reasoning) they introduce several metrics to characterize uncertainty so as to select the most uncertain questions for annotation.
Outcome: The proposed method significantly improves performance on eight complex reasoning tasks.

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ChainLM: Empowering Large Language Models with Improved Chain-of-Thought Prompting (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing CoT synthesis approaches focus on simpler reasoning tasks and result in inconsistent CoT prompts.
Approach: They propose a framework for automatic generation of superior CoT prompts based on three major evolution strategies . they propose 'step-level debating' method where multiple debaters discuss each reasoning step to arrive at the correct answer.
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Prompting Large Language Models with Chain-of-Thought for Few-Shot Knowledge Base Question Generation (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for question generation over knowledge bases rely on annotated data for fine-tuning . emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has shown impressive generalization ability in few-shot tasks.
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Towards Understanding Chain-of-Thought Prompting: An Empirical Study of What Matters (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting can dramatically improve the multi-step reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs).
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Self-prompted Chain-of-Thought on Large Language Models for Open-domain Multi-hop Reasoning (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing open-domain question-answering methods lack quality assurance . existing methods lack scalability and poor diversity, hindering LLMs' capabilities .
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CoF-CoT: Enhancing Large Language Models with Coarse-to-Fine Chain-of-Thought Prompting for Multi-domain NLU Tasks (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Chain-of-Thought prompting is popular in reasoning tasks, but its application to Large Language Models (LLMs) in Natural Language Understanding (NLU) is under-explored.
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Let’s Be Self-generated via Step by Step: A Curriculum Learning Approach to Automated Reasoning with Large Language Models (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing efforts to improve CoT prompting have limitations that require extensive human effort or performance needs to be improved.
Approach: They propose a prompt approach for automatic reasoning called LBS3 inspired by curriculum learning which better reflects human learning habits.
Outcome: The proposed approach achieves strongly competitive performance compared to baselines in reasoning-intensive tasks with varying open- and closed-source LLMs.
Boosting Language Models Reasoning with Chain-of-Knowledge Prompting (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent studies have shown that Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting can be effective on complex reasoning tasks but generates unfaithful and unfactual reasoning chains.
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Improving Large Language Models Function Calling and Interpretability via Guided-Structured Templates (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have strong reasoning and tool-use capabilities, yet fail in real-world tool-interactions due to incorrect parameterization, poor tool selection, or misinterpretation of user intent.
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Enhancing Chain-of-Thoughts Prompting with Iterative Bootstrapping in Large Language Models (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting is a technique to enhance the reasoning abilities of Large language models (LLMs) however, the reasoning chains of demonstrations are observed to be prone to errors, which can lead to incorrect reasoning during inference.
Approach: They propose an iterative bootstrapping technique to enhance the reasoning abilities of Large language models (LLMs) by generating a series of reasoning steps to obtain the answer, and using the reasoning chains as exemplars to demonstrate the task.
Outcome: The proposed method improves the performance of Large language models (LLMs) on three reasoning tasks on ten datasets.
Cue-CoT: Chain-of-thought Prompting for Responding to In-depth Dialogue Questions with LLMs (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing LLMs generate responses based on the dialogue context, overlooking the underlying linguistic cues about the user status exhibited in the context.
Approach: They propose a linguistic cue-based chain-of-thoughts method which enhances the LLMs inference with an intermediate reasoning step to find cues exhibited in the dialogue.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms standard prompting methods on in-depth dialogue questions and linguistic cues exhibited in the context.

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