Challenge: Existing taxonomies or text corpora suffer from experimenter bias and are not representative of real-world distributions.
Approach: They propose an iterative method for simultaneously eliciting conversational tones and sentences . they run 50 iterations with human participants and GPT-4 and obtain a dataset of sentences and frequent conversational tone.
Outcome: The proposed method can be used to characterize the differences between humans and LLMs.

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Challenge: Recent work has sought to use large language models to simulate human-human and human-LLM interactions.
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Do language models accommodate their users? A study of linguistic convergence (2026.eacl-long)

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Challenge: In this paper, we examine how large language models adapt their language use to the linguistic patterns of their user.
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Modeling Human Subjectivity in LLMs Using Explicit and Implicit Human Factors in Personas (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in human-centered social scientific tasks, such as data annotation, synthetic data creation, and engaging in dialog.
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Bootstrapping LLM-based Task-Oriented Dialogue Agents via Self-Talk (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) are powerful dialogue agents, but specializing them towards fulfilling a specific function can be prohibitive in terms of feasibility, time, and resources.
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Computational Analysis of Conversation Dynamics through Participant Responsivity (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Growing literature explores toxicity and polarization in discourse, with comparatively little work on characterizing what makes dialogue prosocial and constructive.
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Human Alignment: How Much Do We Adapt to LLMs? (2025.acl-short)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming a common part of our lives, yet few studies have examined how they influence our behavior.
Approach: They propose a cooperative language game in which players aim to converge on a word and play a game in a group.
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LLMs syntactically adapt their language use to their conversational partner (2025.acl-short)

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Challenge: Adapting to the language of a communication partner is associated with increased success in goal-oriented conversations.
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Grounding Gaps in Language Model Generations (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Effective conversation requires common ground, but it does not emerge spontaneously.
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Modeling Subjectivity in Cognitive Appraisal with Language Models (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: a new study explores how language models can quantify subjectivity in cognitive appraisal . existing post-hoc calibration methods fail to achieve satisfactory performance .
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Your Mileage May Vary: How Empathy and Demographics Shape Human Preferences in LLM Responses (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: large language models (LLMs) increasingly assist subjective decision-making . prior work uses aggregate human judgments, but demographic variation and its linguistic drivers remain underexplored.
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