Challenge: Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have stepped forward the development of multilingual speech and machine translation by its reduced representation errors and incorporated external knowledge.
Approach: They propose a generative paradigm for translation tasks that integrates the diverse translation versions in N-best list.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art model on speech and machine translation benchmarks on various languages.

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Multilingual Machine Translation with Large Language Models: Empirical Results and Analysis (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing studies show that large language models (LLMs) can handle multilingual machine translation (MMT) However, the multilingual translation ability of LLMs remains under-explored.
Approach: They evaluate eight popular LLMs including ChatGPT and GPT-4 to determine their performance in multilingual machine translation.
Outcome: The proposed model can generate moderate translation even on zero-resource languages and cross-lingual exemplars can provide better task guidance for low-resourced translation than exemplar in the same language pairs.
MEGA: Multilingual Evaluation of Generative AI (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large Large Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on many natural language processing tasks such as language understanding, reasoning, and language generation.
Approach: They present a framework for evaluating generative LLMs in the multilingual setting and provide directions for future progress in the field.
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Large Language Models for Generative Recommendation: A Survey and Visionary Discussions (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of natural language processing but are not fully able to leverage the generative power of LLM.
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Beyond Decoder-only: Large Language Models Can be Good Encoders for Machine Translation (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent advances in machine translation have focused on a single pre-trained decoder . encoder-decoder architectures have received relatively little attention in NMT .
Approach: They propose a method that leverages LLMs as MT encoders and pairs them with lightweight decoders to develop universal translation models.
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Improving Machine Translation with Large Language Models: A Preliminary Study with Cooperative Decoding (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Commercial machine translation engines are proficient in addressing the majority of translation requirements.
Approach: They propose to combine NMT and MT-oriented LLMs to achieve superior translation quality by combining their strengths.
Outcome: The proposed model can handle complex scenarios beyond the capability of NMT alone.
Multilingual Machine Translation with Open Large Language Models at Practical Scale: An Empirical Study (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have shown continuously improving multilingual capabilities.
Approach: They evaluate the ability of open LLMs to handle multilingual machine translation tasks using a parallel-first monolingual-second data mixing strategy.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models and achieves competitive performance with Google Translate and GPT-4-turbo.
Evaluating Code-Switching Translation with Large Language Models (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown they can match or surpass finetuned models on many natural language processing tasks.
Approach: They propose to use in-context learning and pivot translation to improve code-switching translation.
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1+1>2: Can Large Language Models Serve as Cross-Lingual Knowledge Aggregators? (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have been recognized for their impressive capabilities in natural language processing (NLP).
Approach: They propose a method to enhance the multilingual performance of Large Language Models by aggregating knowledge from diverse languages.
Outcome: The proposed method reduces the performance disparity across languages and offers valuable insights for further exploration.
Is Translation All You Need? A Study on Solving Multilingual Tasks with Large Language Models (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated multilingual capabilities, yet they are mostly English-centric due to the imbalanced training corpora.
Approach: They extend the evaluation to real-world user queries and non-English-centric LLMs . they show that translation into English can boost LLM performance on NLP tasks .
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An Empirical Study on Cross-lingual Vocabulary Adaptation for Efficient Language Model Inference (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Cross-lingual vocabulary adaptation (CVA) methods have been proposed for adapting models to a target language . but effectiveness of these methods on increasing inference efficiency of generative large language models has not been explored.
Approach: They propose to use cross-lingual vocabulary adaptation methods to adapt models to a target language to improve downstream performance.
Outcome: The proposed methods significantly speed up models in four languages and four natural language understanding tasks.

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