Challenge: Existing prompt learning models for IDRR use multiple-prompt decisions from three different yet much similar connective prediction templates.
Approach: They propose to fuse three related tasks to fuse the learned features of auxiliary tasks to create a prompt learning model that can be used to boost the main task.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the ConnPrompt in the training phase and in the testing phase.

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NCPrompt: NSP-Based Prompt Learning and Contrastive Learning for Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent prompt learning methods have demonstrated success in IDRR, but they fail to fully exploit critical semantic features shared among various forms of templates.
Approach: They propose an NSP-based prompt learning and contrastive learning method for IDRR that transforms the IDRR task into a next sentence prediction task.
Outcome: The proposed model can be used to classify the discourse relation sense between argument pairs without an explicit connective.
ConnPrompt: Connective-cloze Prompt Learning for Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing paradigms for Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition (IDRR) do not exploit linguistic evidence embedded in the pre-training process.
Approach: They propose a new paradigm to detect and classify relation sense between two text segments without an explicit connective.
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Prompt-based Logical Semantics Enhancement for Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for identifying discourse relations without explicit connectives are limited by the availability of annotated data.
Approach: They propose a method that injects knowledge relevant to discourse relation into pre-trained language models through prompt-based connective prediction.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves outstanding performance against the current state-of-the-art models.
DiscoPrompt: Path Prediction Prompt Tuning for Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing works on implicit discourse relation recognition focus on syntax features and lack of connectives.
Approach: They propose a prompt-based path prediction method that integrates the interactive information and intrinsic senses among the hierarchy in IDRR.
Outcome: The proposed method shows significant improvement against competitive baselines.
Prompt-based Connective Prediction Method for Fine-grained Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods to aid implicit discourse relation recognition (IDRR) lack explicit connectives and are difficult to implement on fine-grained IDRR.
Approach: They propose a Prompt-based Connective Prediction method that instructs large-scale pre-trained models to use knowledge relevant to discourse relation and utilizes strong correlation between connectives and discourse relation to help the model recognize implicit discourse relations.
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Using Subtext to Enhance Generative IDRR (2025.acl-short)

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Challenge: Arguments contain subtexts, but they are connotative and need prompts to be recognized . a lightweight subtext generator is helpful when the prompt doesn't raise a complex CoT.
Approach: They leverage LLaMA to generate subtexts for argument pairs and verify their effectiveness . they construct a baseline IDRR using the decoder-only backbone LLama .
Outcome: The proposed approach achieves higher F1 scores on two benchmarks than previous models.
Not Just Classification: Recognizing Implicit Discourse Relation on Joint Modeling of Classification and Generation (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods of implicit discourse relation recognition (IDRR) focus on three aspects: enhancing discourse units representation, enhancing semantic interaction, and joint learning with other tasks.
Approach: They propose a joint model to recognize the relation label and generate the target sentence containing the meaning of relations simultaneously.
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Connective Prediction for Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition via Knowledge Distillation (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for implicit discourse relation recognition (IDRR) lack connectives, which is a major challenge in discourse analysis research.
Approach: They propose a method to predict latent correlations between connectives and discourse relations using a knowledge distillation approach.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art models on coarse-grained and fine-grain discourse relations and can be transferred to explicit discourse relation recognition and achieve acceptable performance.
Implicit Sense-labeled Connective Recognition as Text Generation (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods for identifying implicit discourse relations are limited by the number of possible categories and sense labels.
Approach: They propose a method for identifying the sense label of an implicit connective between adjacent text spans by using an encoder-decoder model.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms the conventional classification-based method on a shallow discourse parsing dataset.
Infusing Hierarchical Guidance into Prompt Tuning: A Parameter-Efficient Framework for Multi-level Implicit Discourse Relation Recognition (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Multi-level implicit discourse relation recognition (MIDRR) aims at identifying hierarchical discourse relations among arguments.
Approach: They propose a prompt-based multi-level implicit discourse relation recognition framework that leverages parameter-efficient prompt tuning to drive inputted arguments to match the pre-trained space.
Outcome: The proposed framework achieves comparable results on PDTB 2.0 and 3.0 using about 0.1% trainable parameters compared with baselines.

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