Challenge: Recent work on end-to-end dialogue models with pre-trained dialogue corpora shows promising performance in the conversational system.
Approach: They propose an end-to-end TOD system with task-optimized adapters which learn independently per task adding only small number of parameters after fixed layers of pre-trained network.
Outcome: The proposed system achieves state-of-the-art performance on the MultiWOZ benchmark compared to existing models.

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SynTOD: Augmented Response Synthesis for Robust End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialogue System (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Task-oriented dialogue systems focus on training multiple tasks such as language understanding, tracking states, and generating appropriate responses to help users achieve their specific goals.
Approach: They exploit the ability of pre-trained models to provide synthesis responses for fine-tuning end-to-end TOD systems.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms baseline models on multiwoz datasets and is available for further exploitation.
Improving End-to-End Task-Oriented Dialog System with A Simple Auxiliary Task (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Using large pre-trained language models for end-to-end TOD modeling has made significant progress on benchmarks . a paradigm of leveraging large pretrained models has shown promising results .
Approach: They combine paradigm of leveraging large pre-trained language models with multi-task learning framework . their model achieves new state-of-the-art results with combined scores of 108.3 and 107.5 .
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End-to-End Neural Pipeline for Goal-Oriented Dialogue Systems using GPT-2 (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: End-to-end dialogue systems with monolithic neural architecture are often trained with input-output utterances without taking into account the entire annotations available in the corpus.
Approach: They propose an end-to-end neural architecture for goal-oriented dialogue systems that addresses both challenges . they propose a modular architecture where modules are optimized individually .
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DS-TOD: Efficient Domain Specialization for Task-Oriented Dialog (2022.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent work shows that self-supervised dialog-specific pretraining on large conversational datasets yields substantial gains over traditional language modeling (LM) pretraining.
Approach: They propose a resource-efficient and modular domain specialization by means of domain adapters in which domain knowledge is encoded.
Outcome: The proposed framework extracts domain-specific terms and then uses them to build DomainCC and DomainReddit resources based on masked language modeling and response selection objectives.
End-to-end Task-oriented Dialogue: A Survey of Tasks, Methods, and Future Directions (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: End-to-end task-oriented dialogue (EToD) can generate responses in an end-to end fashion without modular training, which attracts escalating popularity.
Approach: They present a systematic review of EToD and propose a unified perspective to summarize existing approaches and recent trends.
Outcome: The proposed approaches can generate responses in an end-to-end fashion without modular training, which attracts escalating popularity.
Synergizing In-context Learning with Hints for End-to-end Task-oriented Dialog Systems (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing end-to-end task-oriented dialogue systems require extensive training datasets to perform well.
Approach: They propose a system that synergizes LLMs with task-specific hints to improve alignment in low-data settings.
Outcome: The proposed model improves alignment in low-data settings while retaining competitive performance in full-data environments.
TOD-Flow: Modeling the Structure of Task-Oriented Dialogues (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in task-oriented dialogue systems have limitations regarding transparency and controllability.
Approach: They propose to infer the TOD-flow graph from dialog data annotated with dialog acts and integrate it with any dialogue model to improve its prediction performance, transparency, and controllability.
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Rethinking Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems: From Complex Modularity to Zero-Shot Autonomous Agent (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Task-oriented dialogue systems are designed to be composed of several functional modules, but lacks a general-purpose instruction-following language model.
Approach: They propose a fully zero-shot autonomous TOD agent that leverages a general-purpose instruction-following language model to decide what to do at each dialogue turn.
Outcome: The proposed agent can perform tasks in real-life scenarios with a general-purpose instruction-following language model.
End-to-End Learning of Task-Oriented Dialogs (N18-4)

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Challenge: Dissertation addresses the limitations of conventional task-oriented dialog systems . conventions of such systems include a complex pipeline and dialog state tracking .
Approach: They propose a neural network based dialog system that can robustly track dialog state . they propose offline training and online interactive learning methods to improve efficiency .
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Learning Knowledge Bases with Parameters for Task-Oriented Dialogue Systems (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: End-to-end systems rely on dialogue state tracking and annotations to fulfill user requests . modularized systems require multiple steps, including a direct interaction with the KB .
Approach: They propose a method to embed the KB directly into the model parameters . they evaluate five task-oriented dialogue datasets with small, medium, and large KBs .
Outcome: The proposed model can embed the KB directly into the model parameters without any DST or template responses, nor the kb as input.

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