Rethinking Negative Pairs in Code Search (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Comparative learning is a key component in fine-tuning code search models . however, negative samples of InfoNCE may deteriorate its representation learning .
Approach: They propose a loss function that inserts weight terms into InfoNCE to improve contrastive learning.
Outcome: The proposed loss function is a special case of Soft-InfoNCE, the authors show . it is more accurate than other loss functions, and it is faster than other models.

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Challenge: Recent studies improve cross-lingual transfer learning by better aligning the internal representations within the multilingual model or exploring the information of the target language using self-training.
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Debiased Contrastive Learning of Unsupervised Sentence Representations (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent studies have shown that contrastive learning improves pre-trained language models to derive high-quality sentence representations.
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Not All Negatives are Equal: Label-Aware Contrastive Loss for Fine-grained Text Classification (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Fine-grained classification tasks involve distinguishing between classes with subtle differences between them.
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Understanding Hard Negatives in Noise Contrastive Estimation (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing theoretical results in contrastive learning focus on unconditional negative distributions.
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ContrastiveMix: Overcoming Code-Mixing Dilemma in Cross-Lingual Transfer for Information Retrieval (2024.naacl-short)

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Challenge: Multilingual pretrained language models have been widely adopted in cross-lingual transfer . however, training mPLMs on code-mixed data is counterproductive .
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Negative Sampling Techniques in Dense Retrieval: A Survey (2026.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Information Retrieval (IR) is fundamental to many modern NLP applications.
Approach: They propose a taxonomy that categorizes negative sampling techniques in dense IR . they analyze them with respect to trade-offs between effectiveness, computational cost, implementation difficulty .
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Label-aware Hard Negative Sampling Strategies with Momentum Contrastive Learning for Implicit Hate Speech Detection (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing models for implicit hate speech detection do not have significant advantage over cross-entropy loss-based learning.
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Improving Contrastive Learning of Sentence Embeddings with Focal InfoNCE (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: SimCSE does not fully exploit the potential of hard negative samples in contrastive learning.
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Weighted Contrastive Learning With False Negative Control to Help Long-tailed Product Classification (2023.acl-industry)

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Challenge: Item categorization (IC) aims to classify a product into leaf nodes in a categorical taxonomy due to scarce supervision.
Approach: They propose to use K-positive contrastive loss (KCL) to address IC task’s long-tail issue by re-weighting positive pairs in the KCL loss with a regularization that the sum of weights should be constrained to K+1 as close as possible.
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Smoothed Contrastive Learning for Unsupervised Sentence Embedding (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Unsupervised contrastive sentence embedding models use InfoNCE loss function . increasing batch size leads to performance degradation when it exceeds threshold .
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