Challenge: a sonnet is a fourteen-line poem with rigorous meter-and-rhyme constraints.
Approach: They propose a framework which plans the poem sketch before decoding a sonnet without training on poems . they use a rhyme module, polishing module and a constrained decoding algorithm to impose the meter-and-rhyme constraint .
Outcome: The proposed framework generates sonnets that are coherent and poetic without training on poems . the proposed framework is based on a framework that plans the poem sketch before decoding .

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Automatic Poetry Generation from Prosaic Text (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: In recent years, successful approaches have emerged to accurately model various aspects of natural language.
Approach: They propose to combine neural networks with a poetry generation system that only uses standard text as input . they use standard text to model syntactic well-formedness and topical coherence .
Outcome: The proposed framework is applied to the generation of poems in English and French . it uses standard, non-poetic text and its output is constrained to confer a poetic character .
The Mechanical Bard: An Interpretable Machine Learning Approach to Shakespearean Sonnet Generation (2023.acl-short)

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Challenge: Rather than train a model to obey these constraints implicitly, we opt to enforce them explicitly using a simple but novel approach to generation.
Approach: They propose to automate the generation of sonnets within preset poetic constraints using a constrained decoding approach that uses a relatively modest neural backbone.
Outcome: The proposed method produces sonnets that adhere to the genre’s defined constraints and contain lyrical language and literary devices.
PoeLM: A Meter- and Rhyme-Controllable Language Model for Unsupervised Poetry Generation (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods for generating formal verse poetry use existing poems for supervision, which are difficult to obtain for most languages and poetic forms.
Approach: They propose an unsupervised approach to generate formal verse poetry without supervision . they use control codes to describe meter and rhyme scheme constraints, and train a transformer language model .
Outcome: The proposed method generates poems that follow any given meter and rhyme scheme without training . it is comparable to those written by humans and generates comparable quality poems .
Syllable-level lyrics generation from melody exploiting character-level language model (2024.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Pre-trained language models specifically designed at the syllable level are not available.
Approach: They propose to exploit character-level language models for syllable-level lyrics generation from symbolic melody.
Outcome: The proposed system improves coherence and correctness of generated lyrics without training expensive language models.
Unsupervised Melody-to-Lyrics Generation (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for automatic melody-to-lyric generation are limited due to the limited amount of melody-lyrical aligned data.
Approach: They propose a method for automatic melody-to-lyric generation without training on any aligned melody-lyr data.
Outcome: The proposed model generates high-quality lyrics that are singable, intelligible, and coherent than baseline models.
Deep-speare: A joint neural model of poetic language, meter and rhyme (P18-1)

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Challenge: a recent surge of interest in deep learning has led to creative applications for poetry generation . a novel joint architecture captures language, rhyme and meter for sonnet modelling .
Approach: They propose a joint architecture that captures language, rhyme and meter for sonnet modelling.
Outcome: The proposed architecture captures language, rhyme and meter for sonnet modelling.
Yu Sheng: Human-in-Loop Classical Chinese Poetry Generation System (2023.eacl-demo)

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Challenge: Existing systems for poetry generation are not flexible in polishing and customization.
Approach: They propose a web-based poetry generation system that provides customization options for users with different backgrounds to engage in the process of poetry composition.
Outcome: The proposed system can generate and polish classical Chinese poetry compared to other vanilla models.
Constrained Language Models for Interactive Poem Generation (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Neural language models cannot learn constraints from data, which is scarce for a well-resourced language such as French.
Approach: They propose a system that combines neural language models with constraints that can be set by users on form, topic, emotion, and rhyming scheme.
Outcome: The proposed system generates poems and stanzas using LMs and rule-based algorithms . it has been demonstrated at public events and log analysis shows that users found it engaging .
Sentence-Level Content Planning and Style Specification for Neural Text Generation (D19-1)

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Challenge: Recent advances in text generation systems often produce incoherent and unfaithful outputs . a novel automated text generation system takes into account content selection, text planning, and surface realization.
Approach: They propose an end-to-end trained two-step text generation model that considers sentence-level content planners and language styles.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms competing models in three domains with diverse topics and varying language styles.
ByGPT5: End-to-End Style-conditioned Poetry Generation with Token-free Language Models (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: End-to-end models learn to complete a task by directly learning all steps, without intermediary algorithms such as hand-crafted rules or post-processing.
Approach: They propose to train end-to-end poetry generation conditioned on styles such as rhyme, meter, and alliteration . they pre-train ByGPT5, a new token-free decoder-only language model, and fine-tune it on a custom corpus of English and German quatrains .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms other models on a large custom corpus of English and German quatrains while being more parameter efficient and performing favorably compared to humans.

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