Challenge: Existing open-domain question answering systems only select one source to generate answer or conduct reasoning on structured information.
Approach: They propose a Document-Entity Heterogeneous Graph Network to integrate different sources of information and conduct reasoning on heterogeneous information.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on a HybirdQA dataset.

Similar Papers

Open-domain Question Answering via Chain of Reasoning over Heterogeneous Knowledge (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing open-domain question answering methods rely on the retriever to gather all evidence in isolation, but our approach uses an intermediary module to perform a chain of reasoning over the retrieved set.
Approach: They propose a new open-domain question answering framework that integrates an intermediary module into the current retriever-reader pipeline and integrates it into the model.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art on two OTT-QA datasets with an exact match score of 47.3 (45% relative gain).
UniK-QA: Unified Representations of Structured and Unstructured Knowledge for Open-Domain Question Answering (2022.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: a recent study aims to answer factual questions using a structured knowledge base (KBQA).
Approach: They propose a unifying approach that homogenizes all knowledge sources by reducing them to text . they demonstrate that UniK-QA is a simple and yet effective way to combine heterogeneous sources of knowledge.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves state-of-the-art results on knowledge-base QA tasks by 11 points compared to graph-based methods.
HOLMES: Hyper-Relational Knowledge Graphs for Multi-hop Question Answering using LLMs (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to answer multi-hop questions are query-agnostic and the extracted facts are ambiguous as they lack context.
Approach: They propose to use a knowledge graph to extract query-relevant information from unstructured text.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves performance improvements on two popular datasets.
Leveraging Structured Information for Explainable Multi-hop Question Answering and Reasoning (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Neural models, including large language models (LLMs), achieve superior performance on multi-hop question-answering tasks.
Approach: They propose to use the chain-of-thought mechanism to generate both the reasoning chain and the answer.
Outcome: Empirical results show that the proposed framework generates more faithful reasoning chains and significantly improves the QA performance on two benchmark datasets.
Simple yet Effective Bridge Reasoning for Open-Domain Multi-Hop Question Answering (D19-58)

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Challenge: Existing work on open-domain multi-hop question answering relies on off-the-shelf information retrieval techniques to retrieve answer passages.
Approach: They propose a new subproblem for open-domain multi-hop question answering . they aim to recognize the anchor from a set of start passages with a reading comprehension model .
Outcome: The proposed method significantly improves the baseline method on the open-domain hotpotQA benchmark.
Hierarchical Graph Network for Multi-hop Question Answering (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing multi-hop question answering models focus on multi-level reasoning across multiple documents or paragraphs.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical graph network that aggregates clues from scattered texts . they use a set of contextual encoders to initialize nodes on different levels of granularity .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing multi-hop QA approaches on the HotpotQA benchmark.
HetGCoT: Heterogeneous Graph-Enhanced Chain-of-Thought LLM Reasoning for Academic Question Answering (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: graph neural networks capture structured graph information, but lack integration at the reasoning level.
Approach: They propose a framework that leverages graph structural information to reason interpretable academic QA results.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms sota baselines on OpenAlex and DBLP datasets.
Exploiting Reasoning Chains for Multi-hop Science Question Answering (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing frameworks for multi-hop Science question answering do not require corpus-specific annotations.
Approach: They propose a chain-guided retriever-reader framework that performs explainable reasoning without corpus annotations.
Outcome: The proposed framework performs explainable reasoning without corpus-specific annotations . it is shown to be effective on OpenBookQA and ARC-Challenge .
Identifying Supporting Facts for Multi-hop Question Answering with Document Graph Networks (D19-53)

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Challenge: Recent advances in reading comprehension have resulted in models that surpass human performance when the answer is contained in a single, continuous passage of text.
Approach: They propose a document-structured message passing architecture for the identification of supporting facts over a graph-structure based representation of text.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms a baseline reading comprehension test on raw text and shows that it is relevant for multi-hop reasoning.
From Query to Logic: Ontology-Driven Multi-Hop Reasoning in LLMs (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit limitations in complex multi-hop question answering tasks that necessitate non-linear, structured reasoning.
Approach: They propose an ontology-driven reasoning and chain framework that combines LLMs’ generative capabilities with the structural benefits of knowledge graphs.
Outcome: Extensive experiments across a diverse set of models and standard MQA benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves competitive performance while producing more interpretable reasoning chains.

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