Challenge: Existing models for extractive document summarization are based on sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Sequency) but long-form document summaries using graph-based methods are still an open research issue.
Approach: They propose a heterogeneous graph neural network model to improve the performance of extractive document summarization using graph-based methods.
Outcome: The proposed model can achieve state-of-the-art performance without pre-trained language models.

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Multi Graph Neural Network for Extractive Long Document Summarization (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (GNN) have been proposed as an emergent approach for extracting document summarization (EDS) but there are still limitations in applying it for long documents due to the lack of inter-sentence connections.
Approach: They propose to build a graph on sentence-level nodes and combine it with HeterGNN to capture the semantic information in terms of both inter and intra-sentence connections.
Outcome: Experiments on two datasets show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art in this research field.
Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks for Extractive Document Summarization (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing models capture cross-sentence relations with recurrent neural networks, but they are hard to capture sentence-level long-distance dependency.
Approach: They propose a graph-based neural network for extractive summarization which contains semantic nodes apart from sentences.
Outcome: The proposed graph-based neural network is the first to incorporate different types of nodes into it and perform a qualitative analysis.
GraphLSS: Integrating Lexical, Structural, and Semantic Features for Long Document Extractive Summarization (2025.naacl-short)

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Challenge: Graph-based methods for extracting documents have been popular, but they often require external tools or additional machine learning models to define graph components.
Approach: They propose a heterogeneous graph construction for extractive summarization that defines two levels of information and four types of edges without any need for auxiliary learning models.
Outcome: The proposed graph construction outperforms previous graph-based models on two datasets and is available on GitHub.
HEGEL: Hypergraph Transformer for Long Document Summarization (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Abstract: Extractive summarization for long documents is challenging due to the extended structured input context.
Approach: They propose a hypergraph neural network for extractive summarization by capturing cross-sentence relations.
Outcome: The proposed model can capture cross-sentence relations and latent topics and keywords coreference, and section structure, and can be applied to scientific papers.
Enhancing Extractive Text Summarization with Topic-Aware Graph Neural Networks (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing extractive summarization models hardly capture inter-sentence relationships, especially in long documents.
Approach: They propose to use a graph neural network to capture inter-sentence relationships efficiently via graph-structured document representation.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models on CNN/DM and NYT datasets and significantly outperfies them on longer documents.
Multiplex Graph Neural Network for Extractive Text Summarization (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for extractive text summarization do not consider multiple types of inter-sentential relationships, nor model intra-sententential relationships.
Approach: They propose a novel method to combine different types of relationships among sentences and words to model sentence embedding.
Outcome: The proposed model is compared with existing methods on CNN/DailyMail benchmark dataset to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Neural Extractive Summarization with Hierarchical Attentive Heterogeneous Graph Network (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing extractive summarization methods focus on balancing salience and redundancy between sentences.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical attentive heterogeneous graph for text summarization that models sentences . they propose to iteratively refine the sentence representations and deliver the labels by message passing .
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing extractive summarization methods on large corpus.
HETFORMER: Heterogeneous Transformer with Sparse Attention for Long-Text Extractive Summarization (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for summarizing semantic graph structure from raw text are cumbersome and inefficient for long-text documents.
Approach: They propose a Transformer-based pre-trained model with multi-granularity sparse attentions for long-text extractive summarization.
Outcome: The proposed model performs state-of-the-art on single- and multi-document summarization tasks while using less memory and fewer parameters.
Text Graph Transformer for Document Classification (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for text classification are not scalable to large corpus and ignore heterogeneity of text graph.
Approach: They propose a Transformer-based heterogeneous graph neural network that captures structure and heterogenity from the text graph.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods on large-sized corpus datasets and significantly reduces computing and memory costs.
Hierarchical Attention Graph for Scientific Document Summarization in Global and Local Level (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for document summarization focus on one type of relation, neglecting the simultaneous effective modeling of both relations.
Approach: They propose a graph neural network-based approach to local and global document summarization using hierarchical discourses.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves on two benchmark datasets and shows that hierarchical structures are important for document summarization.

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