Challenge: text-to-SQL is a language processing and database-based language processing (NLP) task is to convert natural utterances into SQL queries and its practical application is to build natural language interfaces to database systems.
Approach: They propose to conduct a systematic survey of text-to-SQL to examine the challenges and potential future directions.
Outcome: The proposed system converts natural utterances into SQL queries and is a representative task in semantic parsing.

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Improving Text-to-SQL Evaluation Methodology (P18-1)

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Challenge: Current evaluations of text-to-SQL systems are limited by the way they divide data into training and test sets.
Approach: They propose to standardize and improve existing and new text-to-SQL datasets . they propose a template-based slot-filling baseline that cannot generalize to new queries .
Outcome: The proposed system is competitive with prior work on multiple datasets and can be used on training and test sets.
Conversing with databases: Practical Natural Language Querying (2023.emnlp-industry)

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Challenge: Large amount of companies' data is stored in relational databases . quick hypotheses validation is rarely, if ever, possible for majority of nontechnical business stakeholders.
Approach: They propose a hybrid NLQ system for conversational DB querying that allows non-technical users to formulate data requests as natural language questions.
Outcome: The proposed system is based on a hybrid NLQ (Natural Language Querying) system for conversational DB querying.
Exploring Schema Generalizability of Text-to-SQL (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing text-to-SQL models are limited in their generalizability, despite their performance being over-estimated.
Approach: They propose a framework to generate novel text-to-SQL data via automatic and synchronous (DS, SQL) pair altering.
Outcome: The proposed framework generates text-to-SQL data via automatic and synchronous (DS, SQL) pair altering.
Importance of Synthesizing High-quality Data for Text-to-SQL Parsing (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing text-to-SQL parsers lack the data to perform well with augmented synthetic data.
Approach: They propose a framework that imposes strong typing constraints and incorporates key relationships from schema.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves on the high-quality synthesized SQL and natural language question (NLQ) models have significant accuracy boosts and achieve new state-of-the-art performance on spider.
A Review of Cross-Domain Text-to-SQL Models (2020.aacl-srw)

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Challenge: WikiSQL and Spider are cross-domain text-to-SQl datasets that have attracted much attention from the research community.
Approach: They propose to divide top models into two paradigms and evaluate their models for schema linking, pretrained word embeddings, reasoning assistance modules.
Outcome: The proposed models have over 90% execution accuracy, the authors show . the proposed models are more complex and more complex than the proposed ones .
DuoRAT: Towards Simpler Text-to-SQL Models (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Recent text-to-SQL models can translate natural language questions to corresponding SQL queries on unseen databases.
Approach: They propose a re-implementation of the RAT-SQL model that uses only relation-aware or vanilla transformers as the building blocks.
Outcome: The proposed model is based on the spider dataset and shows it can be used on large databases without human intervention.
Text-to-Table: A New Way of Information Extraction (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for information extraction are not well understood . text-to-table is a problem that aims to extract information from text data .
Approach: They propose a new problem setting of information extraction, called text-to-table . they formalize text- to-table as a sequence-tosequence problem .
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing methods on text-to-table tasks.
Knowledge Base Construction for Knowledge-Augmented Text-to-SQL (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to translate natural language queries into SQL statements are limited in their parametric knowledge of the database schemas.
Approach: They propose to construct a knowledge base for text-to-SQL, a foundational source of knowledge, from which we retrieve and generate the necessary knowledge for given queries.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms baselines on multiple text-to-SQL datasets and shows that it is practical and reliable.
Gen-SQL: Efficient Text-to-SQL By Bridging Natural Language Question And Database Schema With Pseudo-Schema (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Recent studies have shifted paradigms and leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle the challenging task of Text-to-SQL.
Approach: They propose a framework that leverages large language models to generate SQL queries . they exploit prior knowledge from the LLM to enhance embedding-based retriever .
Outcome: The proposed method improves embedding-based retriever and reduces cost.

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