Challenge: Procedural Multimodal Documents organize textual instructions and corresponding images step by step.
Approach: They propose a novel temporal-modal entity Graph for comprehending PMDs . they propose encoding and reasoning modules to capture textual and visual entities .
Outcome: The proposed model can capture textual and visual entities and trace their temporal-modal evolution.

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Reasoning over Entity-Action-Location Graph for Procedural Text Understanding (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Procedural text understanding aims at tracking the states and locations of entities mentioned in a paragraph.
Approach: They propose a framework to model entities-entity, action, and location relations using a graph neural network.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms strong baselines on two datasets, ProPara and Recipes.
Differentiated Vision: Unveiling Entity-Specific Visual Modality Requirements for Multimodal Knowledge Graph (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods to extract features from images of entities overlook varying relevance of visual information across entities.
Approach: a new model integrates structural and multimodal information of entities into a multimodal knowledge graph . a model evaluates the necessity of visual modality for each entity based on its attributes .
Outcome: The proposed model improves on existing methods by adjusting visual data to different entity types.
MTAG: Modal-Temporal Attention Graph for Unaligned Human Multimodal Language Sequences (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: a novel graph-based neural model for multimodal sequential data is proposed . fusion is the process of blending information from multiple modalities, usually preceded by alignment .
Approach: They propose a graph-based neural model that converts unaligned data into a modal-temporal graph . they use a dynamic pruning and read-out technique to efficiently process the graph fusion operation .
Outcome: The proposed model performs state-of-the-art on multimodal sentiment analysis and emotion recognition benchmarks while utilizing significantly fewer model parameters.
Multimodal Document-level Triple Extraction via Dynamic Graph Enhancement and Relation-Aware Reflection (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods for extracting structured triples knowledge from multimodal documents face limitations in simultaneously processing long textual content and multiple associated images for triple extraction.
Approach: They propose a multimodal document-level triple extraction framework that integrates multimodal text and visual content into a large language model and injects the global information and external knowledge into the model.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and fills the gap in multimodal document extraction.
Multi-Modal Entities Matter: Benchmarking Multi-Modal Entity Alignment (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing MMEA datasets consider multi-modal data as attributes of textual entities, neglecting correlations between the multi-modal data.
Approach: They propose a multi-modal entity alignment dataset that models multi-dimensional data as textual entities in the MMKG.
Outcome: The proposed dataset can learn the structural information of entities by considering both intra-modal and cross-modal relations and infer the similarity of different types of entity pairs.
MTGER: Multi-view Temporal Graph Enhanced Temporal Reasoning over Time-Involved Document (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing work models time implicitly, making it difficult to handle complex relationships . a novel temporal reasoning framework explicitly models the temporal relationships among facts by multi-view temporal graphs .
Approach: They propose a multi-view temporal graph-based temporal reasoning framework that explicitly models the temporal relationships among facts by multi-visit temporal charts.
Outcome: The proposed framework gives more consistent answers under question perturbations.
Grounded Multimodal Procedural Entity Recognition for Procedural Documents: A New Dataset and Baseline (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods to extract procedural knowledge from documents focus on text-only settings, which is insufficient for entity disambiguation.
Approach: They propose a model to detect the entity and the corresponding bounding box groundings in images.
Outcome: The proposed model detects the entity and the corresponding bounding box groundings in image (i.e., visual entities) it is based on a dataset of a WikiHow 1 and EHow 2 document and the results are compared with existing models.
Constructing Procedural Graphs with Multiple Dependency Relations: A New Dataset and Baseline (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods to structure procedural knowledge focus on representing descriptive knowledge but ignore another commonsense knowledge-Procedural Knowledge.
Approach: They propose to generate flow graphs from procedural documents by extracting sequential dependency between sentences and missing two important dependencies in procedural document.
Outcome: The proposed method can generate flow graphs from unstructured documents with syntactic information and discourse structures.
Synergizing Multimodal Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models for Social Relation Recognition (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have limited capacity to model complex graph-structured relationships.
Approach: They propose a low-coupling method synergizing multimodal temporal Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models for social relation reasoning.
Outcome: The proposed method exhibits state-of-the-art performance in social relation recognition . it bridges the gap between KGs and LLMs and will be released after acceptance .
MM-ChatAlign: A Novel Multimodal Reasoning Framework based on Large Language Models for Entity Alignment (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing MMEA methods rely on knowledge representation learning (KRL) to measure the similarity of entity embeddings.
Approach: They propose a framework that utilizes the visual reasoning abilities of MLLMs for multimodal entity alignment.
Outcome: The proposed framework integrates the visual reasoning abilities of MLLMs for multimodal entity alignment.

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