Challenge: Existing approaches to build multi-way aligned corpus from bilingual data are limited by their scale.
Approach: They propose to build a multi-way aligned corpus from bilingual data using two steps to extract candidate alignes and generate the final alignets from the candidates.
Outcome: The proposed method improves on two publicly available datasets with +1.1 and +1.4 BLEU points.

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From Unaligned to Aligned: Scaling Multilingual LLMs with Multi-Way Parallel Corpora (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Experiments show that models trained on multi-way parallel data outperform those trained on unaligned data.
Approach: They propose a large-scale, high-quality multi-way parallel corpus based on TED Talks that spans 113 languages with up to 50 languages aligned in parallel.
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Towards a unified framework for bilingual terminology extraction of single-word and multi-word terms (C18-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for extracting bilingual terminology from comparable corpora are limited to a set of syntactic patterns.
Approach: They propose a framework for aligning bilingual terms independently of term lengths . they introduce some enhancements to the context-based and neural network based approaches .
Outcome: The proposed framework improves the performance of the context-based and neural network based approaches and can be adapted in specialized domains.
Multilingual Agreement for Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (2021.acl-short)

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Challenge: Existing models that only use auxiliary languages to encourage multilingual agreement ignore the relationships between different language pairs.
Approach: They propose a multilingual agreement-based method which explicitly models the agreement between different translation directions by randomly substituting some fragments of the source language with their counterpart translations of auxiliary languages.
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AlignX: Advancing Multilingual Large Language Models with Multilingual Representation Alignment (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Multilingual large language models (LLMs) possess impressive multilingual understanding and generation capabilities, but performance and cross-lingual alignment often lag for non-dominant languages.
Approach: They propose a representation-level framework to enhance multilingual performance of pre-trained LLMs by integrating multilingual semantic alignment and language feature integration.
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Improving In-context Learning of Multilingual Generative Language Models with Cross-lingual Alignment (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing studies show that multilingual generative models exhibit a strong language bias toward high-resource languages.
Approach: They propose a cross-lingual alignment framework exploiting pairs of translation sentences to improve cross-linguistic abilities.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves cross-lingual abilities and mitigates performance gap.
Training and Adapting Multilingual NMT for Less-resourced and Morphologically Rich Languages (L18-1)

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Challenge: Using multilingual and multi-way neural machine translation approaches is a major advantage . training NMT systems for individual language pairs takes significantly more time than training of SMT systems .
Approach: They propose to employ multilingual and multi-way neural machine translation approaches for morphologically rich languages such as Estonian and Russian.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves translation quality by +3.27 BLEU points over baseline models.
Pre-training Multilingual Neural Machine Translation by Leveraging Alignment Information (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing pre-training methods are not effective for machine translation tasks.
Approach: They propose a method to pre-train a universal multilingual neural machine translation model . they use random aligned substitution technique to bring words and phrases with similar meanings closer in the representation space.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves translation quality on low, medium, rich resource languages.
On-the-Fly Fusion of Large Language Models and Machine Translation (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: a weaker-at-translation LLM can improve translations of a NMT model, compared to a strong dedicated model.
Approach: They propose to ensemble a neural machine translation model with a large language model, prompted on the same task and input.
Outcome: The proposed method can be combined with various techniques from LLM prompting, such as in context learning and translation context.
Understanding Cross-Lingual Alignment—A Survey (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Cross-lingual alignment is the meaningful similarity of representations across languages in multilingual language models.
Approach: They propose a taxonomy of methods to improve cross-lingual alignment . they argue that an effective trade-off between language-neutral and language-specific information is key .
Outcome: The proposed methods can be applied to encoder models and encoder-decoder-only models . they show that language-neutral and language-specific information is key .
How to Align Multiple Signed Language Corpora for Better Sign-to-Sign Translations? (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: despite the growing need for advanced signing technologies, signed language resources remain scarce.
Approach: They propose a linguistically informed alignment algorithm that matches instances between signed languages . they compare similarities and differences across three signed languages to develop a model .
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