Challenge: Existing datasets for reading comprehension have deterministic answers, but questions in the real world do not always have definite answers.
Approach: They propose a Question Answering (QA) dataset that contains complex questions with conditional answers.
Outcome: The proposed dataset will motivate further research in answering complex questions over long documents.

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MultiSpanQA: A Dataset for Multi-Span Question Answering (2022.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing reading comprehension datasets focus on single-span answers, but multi-spread questions are less studied.
Approach: They propose a new reading comprehension dataset that focuses on multi-span questions . they introduce new metrics for the purposes of multi--spontaneous question answering evaluation .
Outcome: The proposed model beats baselines and achieves state-of-the-art on the existing dataset.
CMQA: A Dataset of Conditional Question Answering with Multiple-Span Answers (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing QA datasets only contain unconditional and parallel answers . conditional question answering with hierarchical multi-span answers is challenging for the community to solve .
Approach: They propose a conditional question answering task with hierarchical multi-span answers . they propose CMQA, which contains conditional and hierarchic samples .
Outcome: The proposed task can be used to build more reliable and sophisticated QA systems.
MDCR: A Dataset for Multi-Document Conditional Reasoning (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: ConditionalQA is limited to questions on single documents, neglecting harder cases that may require *cross-document reasoning* and *optimization*.
Approach: They propose to use a dataset to evaluate models' ability to answer eligibility questions on single documents.
Outcome: The proposed dataset can reflect real-world challenges and serve as a test bed for complex conditional reasoning that requires optimization.
HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answering (D18-1)

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Challenge: Existing question answering (QA) datasets fail to train QA systems to perform complex reasoning and provide explanations for answers.
Approach: They propose a new dataset with 113k Wikipedia-based question-answer pairs with four key features: (1) the questions require finding and reasoning over multiple supporting documents to answer; (2) the questions are diverse and not constrained to any pre-existing knowledge bases or knowledge schemas; (3) the questions provide sentence-level supporting facts required for reasoning; and (4) a type of factoid comparison questions to test QA systems’ ability to extract relevant facts and perform necessary comparison.
Outcome: The proposed dataset has 113k Wikipedia-based question-answer pairs and four key features that make it challenging for the latest QA systems.
KQA Pro: A Dataset with Explicit Compositional Programs for Complex Question Answering over Knowledge Base (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks for Complex KBQA lack compositional reasoning capabilities . Existing methods for Complex questions are poor in diversity or scale .
Approach: They propose a compositional programming language to represent the reasoning process of complex questions.
Outcome: The proposed dataset includes around 120K diverse natural language questions . it provides a compositional and interpretable programming language to represent the reasoning process of complex questions based on the proposed model .
DBQR-QA: A Question Answering Dataset on a Hybrid of Database Querying and Reasoning (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Question answering (QA) is a fundamental task in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP).
Approach: They propose a database querying and reasoning dataset for question answering that is designed to accommodate sequential questions and multi-hop queries.
Outcome: The proposed dataset better mirrors the dynamics of real-world information retrieval and analysis with a particular focus on the financial reports of US companies.
Discourse Comprehension: A Question Answering Framework to Represent Sentence Connections (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing systems for text comprehension are inadequate for more holistic comprehension of a discourse.
Approach: They propose a new paradigm that captures both discourse and semantic links between sentences in the form of free-form, open-ended questions.
Outcome: The proposed model captures discourse and semantic links between sentences in the form of free-form, open-ended questions.
SciDQA: A Deep Reading Comprehension Dataset over Scientific Papers (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: SciDQA is a dataset for question-answering that challenges language models to deeply understand scientific articles.
Approach: They propose a new dataset for reading comprehension that challenges language models to deeply understand scientific articles consisting of 2,937 QA pairs.
Outcome: The SciDQA dataset is based on 2,937 QA pairs and decontextualizes the content, tracks the source document across different versions, and incorporates a bibliography for multi-document question-answering.
IfQA: A Dataset for Open-domain Question Answering under Counterfactual Presuppositions (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing open-domain QA tasks focus on questions whose answer can be deduced directly from global factual knowledge.
Approach: They propose a dataset where each question is based on a counterfactual presupposition via an "if" clause.
Outcome: The IfQA dataset contains 3,800 questions that were annotated by crowdworkers on relevant Wikipedia passages.
ComQA: A Community-sourced Dataset for Complex Factoid Question Answering with Paraphrase Clusters (N19-1)

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Challenge: ComQA dataset captures question phenomena and the diverse ways in which they are formulated.
Approach: They propose a large dataset of real user questions that captures question phenomena and the diverse ways in which they are formulated.
Outcome: The proposed dataset can be a driver of future research on factoid question answering (QA).

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