Challenge: Existing algorithms for limerick generation are difficult to use, as they must follow strict structural, meter, and rhyming constraints.
Approach: They propose a system for automatic limerick generation that outperforms state-of-the-art models.
Outcome: The proposed system outperforms state-of-the-art models and rule-based models in generating limericks.

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Automatic Poetry Generation from Prosaic Text (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: In recent years, successful approaches have emerged to accurately model various aspects of natural language.
Approach: They propose to combine neural networks with a poetry generation system that only uses standard text as input . they use standard text to model syntactic well-formedness and topical coherence .
Outcome: The proposed framework is applied to the generation of poems in English and French . it uses standard, non-poetic text and its output is constrained to confer a poetic character .
Constrained Language Models for Interactive Poem Generation (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Neural language models cannot learn constraints from data, which is scarce for a well-resourced language such as French.
Approach: They propose a system that combines neural language models with constraints that can be set by users on form, topic, emotion, and rhyming scheme.
Outcome: The proposed system generates poems and stanzas using LMs and rule-based algorithms . it has been demonstrated at public events and log analysis shows that users found it engaging .
Acrostic Poem Generation (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Acrostic poems contain a hidden message; typically, the first letter of each line spells out a word or short phrase.
Approach: They propose a task for acrostic poem generation in English with multiple constraints . they define the task as a generation task with multiple constraint constraints based on a conditional neural language model and a neural rhyming model .
Outcome: The proposed task is based on a baseline model and a neural rhyming model.
Evaluating Diversity in Automatic Poetry Generation (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing models for creative text generation are not evaluated regarding how different generated poems are from existing training sets.
Approach: They evaluate the diversity of automatically generated poetry by comparing distributions of generated poetry to distributions in human poetry along structural, lexical, semantic and stylistic dimensions.
Outcome: The proposed model types show that style-conditioning and character-level modeling increases diversity across virtually all dimensions.
PoeLM: A Meter- and Rhyme-Controllable Language Model for Unsupervised Poetry Generation (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods for generating formal verse poetry use existing poems for supervision, which are difficult to obtain for most languages and poetic forms.
Approach: They propose an unsupervised approach to generate formal verse poetry without supervision . they use control codes to describe meter and rhyme scheme constraints, and train a transformer language model .
Outcome: The proposed method generates poems that follow any given meter and rhyme scheme without training . it is comparable to those written by humans and generates comparable quality poems .
Text-to-Text Automatic Story Generation: A Survey (2026.eacl-srw)

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Challenge: Automated story generation aims to produce coherent, engaging, and contextually consistent narratives with minimal or no human involvement . despite advances in large language models, maintaining narrative coherence, character consistency, storyline diversity, and plot controllability in generating stories is still challenging.
Approach: They propose to develop new evaluation metrics and better data sets to support automatic story generation.
Outcome: The proposed evaluation metrics and better datasets will improve narrative coherence and consistency and explore practical applications of story generation.
Sentence-Level Content Planning and Style Specification for Neural Text Generation (D19-1)

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Challenge: Recent advances in text generation systems often produce incoherent and unfaithful outputs . a novel automated text generation system takes into account content selection, text planning, and surface realization.
Approach: They propose an end-to-end trained two-step text generation model that considers sentence-level content planners and language styles.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms competing models in three domains with diverse topics and varying language styles.
Generating Classical Chinese Poems via Conditional Variational Autoencoder and Adversarial Training (D18-1)

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Challenge: Existing models for automatic poetry generation lack term novelty and thematic consistency.
Approach: They propose a conditional variational autoencoder with adversarial training for classical Chinese poem generation.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models on a large poetry corpus on 'classical Chinese' . it generates poems with novel terms and learns their thematic consistency with their titles.
Content Planning for Neural Story Generation with Aristotelian Rescoring (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Current approaches to narrative composition are plagued by difficulty in mastering structure, will veer between topics, and lack long-range cohesion.
Approach: They propose a plot-generation language model and a set of rescoring models that implement an aspect of good story-writing as detailed in Aristotle's Poetics.
Outcome: The proposed system improves the quality of the narrative generated from the proposed model and improves its relevance to a given prompt and quality of stories written with our principled plot structure.
ByGPT5: End-to-End Style-conditioned Poetry Generation with Token-free Language Models (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: End-to-end models learn to complete a task by directly learning all steps, without intermediary algorithms such as hand-crafted rules or post-processing.
Approach: They propose to train end-to-end poetry generation conditioned on styles such as rhyme, meter, and alliteration . they pre-train ByGPT5, a new token-free decoder-only language model, and fine-tune it on a custom corpus of English and German quatrains .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms other models on a large custom corpus of English and German quatrains while being more parameter efficient and performing favorably compared to humans.

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