Challenge: Existing document summarization models do not capture hierarchical structures of documents . proposed model incorporates multi-granularity self-attention (MG-SA)
Approach: They propose a new abstractive document summarization model, hierarchical BART . the proposed model captures hierarchically structured sentences in the BART model .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms baseline models and improves performance on CNN/Daily Mail dataset.

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Hierarchical Transformers for Multi-Document Summarization (P19-1)

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Challenge: Existing models for multidocument summarization have been developed that can process multiple documents in a hierarchical manner.
Approach: They propose a neural summarization model which can process multiple input documents and distill Transformer architecture with the ability to encode documents in a hierarchical manner.
Outcome: The proposed model improves on the WikiSum dataset and can process multiple documents in a hierarchical manner.
Abstractive Summarization Guided by Latent Hierarchical Document Structure (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Sequential abstractive summarizations often do not capture hierarchical and inter-sentential dependencies in the summmarized document.
Approach: They propose a hierarchy-aware graph neural network which captures hierarchical and inter-sentential dependencies in the summmarized document.
Outcome: The proposed model improves strong sequence models such as BART with a 0.55 and 0.75 margin in ROUGE-1/2/L for CNN/DM and XSum.
Beyond Generic Summarization: A Multi-faceted Hierarchical Summarization Corpus of Large Heterogeneous Data (L18-1)

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Challenge: Automated summarization has focused on ten to twenty documents, typically news articles, but could in theory analyze hundreds of documents from a wide range of sources and provide an overview to the interested reader.
Approach: They propose a method for creating hierarchical summarization corpora from large, heterogeneous document collections by crowdsourcing relevant content and asking trained annotators to order the relevant information hierarchically.
Outcome: The proposed method can be used to develop and evaluate hierarchical summarization systems.
Does the structure of textual content have an impact on language models for automatic summarization? (2024.acl-srw)

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Challenge: Existing models for automatic summarization of long sequences suffer from context limitation.
Approach: They propose to take into account textual information coming from distinct passages from the long texts to be summarized.
Outcome: The proposed model improves on the performance of LongFormer on English.
Hierarchical Attention Graph for Scientific Document Summarization in Global and Local Level (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for document summarization focus on one type of relation, neglecting the simultaneous effective modeling of both relations.
Approach: They propose a graph neural network-based approach to local and global document summarization using hierarchical discourses.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves on two benchmark datasets and shows that hierarchical structures are important for document summarization.
HIBERT: Document Level Pre-training of Hierarchical Bidirectional Transformers for Document Summarization (P19-1)

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Challenge: Neural extractive summarization models employ hierarchical encoders with inaccurate sentence-level labels.
Approach: They propose a method to pre-train a hierarchical encoder with unlabeled data.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms its initialized counterpart by 1.25 ROUGE on CNN and 2.0 ROUGEE on a version of New York Times dataset.
Hi-Transformer: Hierarchical Interactive Transformer for Efficient and Effective Long Document Modeling (2021.acl-short)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to model long documents are difficult due to the quadratic complexity of text length.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical interactive Transformer for efficient long document modeling.
Outcome: Extensive experiments on three benchmark datasets validate the efficiency and effectiveness of Hi-Transformer in long document modeling.
HIBRIDS: Attention with Hierarchical Biases for Structure-aware Long Document Summarization (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Document structure is critical for efficient information consumption, but it is difficult to encode it efficiently into the modern Transformer architecture.
Approach: They propose a task which injects Hierarchical Biases foR Incorporating Document Structure into attention score calculation.
Outcome: The proposed model produces better question-summary hierarchies than comparisons on hierarchy quality and content coverage, the authors show .
Fact-level Extractive Summarization with Hierarchical Graph Mask on BERT (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing extractive summarization models generate summaries by selecting salient sentences, but there is a gap between the human-written gold summary and oracle sentence labels.
Approach: They propose to extract fact-level semantic units for better extractive summarization by incorporating a hierarchical structure into the model and incorporate it with BERT using a Hierarchical graph mask.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art on the CNN/DaliyMail dataset.
A Mixed Hierarchical Attention Based Encoder-Decoder Approach for Standard Table Summarization (N18-2)

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Challenge: Structured data summarization involves generation of summaries from structured input data.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical attention-based encoder-decoder model which leverages the structure in addition to the content of the tables.
Outcome: The proposed model improves on the weathergov dataset by 30% over the current state-of-the-art.

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