| Challenge: | lexical meanings are mapped to wordforms by usage pressures and constraints on sequences of symbols. |
| Approach: | They propose a coding-theoretic view of the lexicon and a novel generative statistical model to quantify its compressibility under various constraints. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model shows that (compositional) morphology and graphotactics can account for most of the complexity of natural codes—as measured by code length. |
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| Challenge: | lexical systems contain many different words that can be assigned to the same object . studies on language use have explored how speakers adapt their referring expressions to communicate in context without tackling in-context communication. |
| Approach: | They propose a simple measure of informativeness for words and lexical systems, grounded in a visual space, and analyze color naming data for English and Mandarin Chinese. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system allows for a soft mapping between referents and words, taking into account both in-context communication and the structure of the lexical system. |
The impact of lexical and grammatical processing on generating code from natural language (2022.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Yin and Neubig (2018) identify four key components of importance for natural language to code translation. |
| Approach: | They propose a seq2seq-based architecture that relies on a grammar-based decoder and a lexical substitution component for natural language to code translation. |
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Comparative Probing of Lexical Semantics Theories for Cognitive Plausibility and Technological Usefulness (2020.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | lexical semantics theories advocate that the meaning of words is represented as an inference graph, a feature mapping or a cooccurrence vector. |
| Approach: | They propose to probe different lexical semantics theories for their levels of cognitive plausibility and technological usefulness. |
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Speakers Fill Lexical Semantic Gaps with Context (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Lexical ambiguity is widespread in language, allowing for the reuse of economical word forms and thus making language more efficient. |
| Approach: | They propose two ways to estimate lexical ambiguity as the entropy of meanings a word can take . they validate this hypothesis by using WordNet and BERT . |
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Introducing Lexical Masks: a New Representation of Lexical Entries for Better Evaluation and Exchange of Lexicons (2020.lrec-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing standards for lexicon format and features are inadequate for evaluation and exchange . lexical masks are a powerful tool used to evaluate and exchange large lexiconic databases . |
| Approach: | They propose a tool to evaluate and exchange lexicon databases in many languages . they propose lexical masks which represent the expected internal structure of a lexico . |
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Systematicity between Forms and Meanings across Languages Supports Efficient Communication (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Languages vary in how meanings map to word forms, but this theory does not account for systematic relations within word forms. |
| Approach: | They propose a model that measures the learnability of meaning-to-form mappings by inverse of simplicity. |
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A Survey on Automatically-Constructed WordNets and their Evaluation: Lexical and Word Embedding-based Approaches (L18-1)
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| Challenge: | WordNets are lexical databases in which groups of synonyms are stored according to the semantic relationships between them. |
| Approach: | This paper describes various approaches to constructing WordNets automatically by leveraging traditional lexical resources and newer trends such as word embeddings. |
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LexiVault: A Repository for Psycholinguistic Lexicons of Lesser-studied Languages (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | LexiVault is an open-source web tool with annotated lexicons and rich retrieval capabilities primarily developed for, but not restricted to, the support of psycholinguistic research . |
| Approach: | They propose to use LexiVault to design stimuli for low-resource languages with annotated lexicons and rich retrieval capabilities. |
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Learning and Evaluating Emotion Lexicons for 91 Languages (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Emotion lexicons describe the affective meaning of words but are limited in coverage for most languages. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for creating arbitrarily large emotion lexicons for any target language. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method exceeds human reliability for some languages and variables. |
A Survey of Meaning Representations – From Theory to Practical Utility (2024.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Symbolic meaning representations of natural language text have been studied since at least the 1960s . with the availability of large annotated corpora, the field has recently seen several new developments . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for expressing meaning in natural language text using annotated corpora and a set of tools for machine learning. |
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