Challenge: Existing extractive multi-document summarization methods score each sentence individually and extract salient sentences one by one.
Approach: They propose a novel framework for extractive multi-document summarization that selects a sub-graph as the summary instead of selecting salient sentences.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves on existing methods on multi-document datasets and human evaluations show it produces more coherent and informative summaries.

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Enhancing Multi-Document Summarization with Cross-Document Graph-based Information Extraction (2023.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Information extraction (IE) and summarization (summarization) are closely related, but both aims to abstract the most salient information into a generated text summary.
Approach: They propose to use structured IE graphs to enhance the abstractive summarization task by using cross-document IE output to incorporate an alignment loss between IE nodes and their text spans to reduce inconsistencies.
Outcome: The proposed model can generate summaries that are more factual while not losing abstractiveness.
Leveraging Graph to Improve Abstractive Multi-Document Summarization (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Empirical results show that our model brings substantial improvements over several strong baselines.
Approach: They propose a neural abstractive multi-document summarization model which captures cross-document relations and can guide the summary generation process.
Outcome: The proposed model improves on the WikiSum and MultiNews datasets and can be easily combined with pre-trained language models.
Subtopic-driven Multi-Document Summarization (D19-1)

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Challenge: Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods on benchmark datasets.
Approach: They propose a multi-document summarization model that assumes a set of documents to be summarized is on the same topic.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods on benchmark datasets.
Topic-Guided Abstractive Multi-Document Summarization (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing studies on multi-document summarization (MDS) focus on extractive and abstractive approaches to create a fluent and concise summary for a collection of thematically related documents.
Approach: They propose a novel abstractive MDS model that represents multiple documents as a heterogeneous graph and then applies a graph-to-sequence framework to generate summaries.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models on Rouge scores and human evaluation, while learning high-quality topics.
Promoting Topic Coherence and Inter-Document Consorts in Multi-Document Summarization via Simplicial Complex and Sheaf Graph (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing systems that generate summaries from multiple sources often lack accuracy and accuracy due to the length of tokens used in encoding.
Approach: They propose a novel encoder-decoder model that uses pre-trained BART to analyze linguistic nuances, simplicial complex layer to apprehend inherent properties that transcend pairwise associations and sheaf graph attention to effectively capture heterophilic properties.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves consistent performance improvement across all evaluation metrics (syntactical, semantical and faithfulness).
Proposition-Level Clustering for Multi-Document Summarization (2022.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods focused on clustering sentences to indicate information saliency and avoid redundancy.
Approach: They propose to group together sub-sentential propositions to generate a representative sentence for each cluster via text fusion.
Outcome: The proposed method improves over the previous state-of-the-art method in the DUC 2004 and TAC 2011 datasets, both in automatic ROUGE scores and human preference.
Multi-doc Hybrid Summarization via Salient Representation Learning (2023.acl-industry)

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Challenge: Multi-document summarization is gaining more and more attention . extractive multi-doc approaches intend to directly extract key facts from multiple sources .
Approach: They propose a multi-document hybrid summarization approach that generates a human-readable summary and extracts corresponding key evidences based on multi-doc inputs.
Outcome: The proposed method generates a human-readable summary and extracts key evidences based on multi-doc inputs.
Open Domain Multi-document Summarization: A Comprehensive Study of Model Brittleness under Retrieval (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Multi-document summarization (MDS) assumes a set of topic-related documents is provided as input.
Approach: They formalize the task and bootstrap it using existing datasets, retrievers and summarizers.
Outcome: The proposed method reduces the sensitivity of summarizers to imperfect retrieval, but is highly sensitive to other errors.
Graph-Augmented Open-Domain Multi-Document Summarization (2025.coling-industry)

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Challenge: Existing methods for summarizing documents neglect the relationships between documents . existing methods treat retrieval and summarization as separate tasks .
Approach: They propose a framework that captures global document relationships through graph-based clustering . this cluster-level thematic information is then used to guide large language models .
Outcome: The proposed framework significantly improves retrieval accuracy and produces better summaries than existing methods.
Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks for Extractive Document Summarization (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Existing models capture cross-sentence relations with recurrent neural networks, but they are hard to capture sentence-level long-distance dependency.
Approach: They propose a graph-based neural network for extractive summarization which contains semantic nodes apart from sentences.
Outcome: The proposed graph-based neural network is the first to incorporate different types of nodes into it and perform a qualitative analysis.

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