Challenge: Existing data-driven questions generate questions that fill gaps in knowledge . a dataset of 19K questions is used to generate meaningful questions .
Approach: They propose a dataset of 19K questions that are elicited while a person is reading a document.
Outcome: The proposed model generates reasonable questions, but the task is challenging.

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Ask to Learn: A Study on Curiosity-driven Question Generation (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing work on Question Generation focuses on generating relevant questions given text with an answer . human ability to ask questions goes beyond evaluation of reading comprehension .
Approach: They propose a novel text generation task based on a conversational question-asking dataset . they investigate automated metrics to measure different properties of Curious Questions .
Outcome: The proposed task is based on a conversational Question Answering dataset . the results show that humans tend to ask questions with the goal of obtaining new information .
Question Generation for Reading Comprehension Assessment by Modeling How and What to Ask (2022.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing Question Generation systems focus on extractive questions and do not control the type of questions.
Approach: They propose a question generation model that generates inferential questions from text . they propose he model can generate questions annotated with story-based reading comprehension skills .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms baselines on a reading comprehension dataset.
SkillQG: Learning to Generate Question for Reading Comprehension Assessment (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing question generation systems focus on the literal nature of questions and rarely consider comprehension types of the generated questions.
Approach: They propose a question generation framework with controllable comprehension types for machine reading comprehension models.
Outcome: Empirical results show that SkillQG outperforms baselines in quality, relevance, and skill-controllability while showing a performance boost in downstream question answering task.
Which questions should I answer? Salience Prediction of Inquisitive Questions (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent work in NLP has taken advantage of question generation capabilities of LLMs to enhance a wide range of applications.
Approach: They propose a salience predictor for inquisitive questions that is instruction-tuned . they show that highly salient questions are empirically more likely to be answered in the same article .
Outcome: The proposed model is based on linguist-annotated salience scores of 1,766 questions . it shows that answering salient questions improves comprehension of the text .
Leveraging Context Information for Natural Question Generation (N18-2)

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Challenge: Existing work for natural question generation ignores the input passage or hard-codes answer positions.
Approach: They propose a model that matches the answer with the passage before generating a question.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art model using rich features.
Generating Deep Questions with Commonsense Reasoning Ability from the Text by Disentangled Adversarial Inference (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for commonsense question generation produce shallow questions that can be answered by simple word matching.
Approach: They propose a task of commonsense question generation that aims to yield deep-level questions from the text.
Outcome: The proposed model can yield deep-level and to-the-point questions from the text.
KHANQ: A Dataset for Generating Deep Questions in Education (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing QG datasets are not suitable for educational question generation because the questions are not real questions asked by humans during learning.
Approach: They propose a dataset for question generation that contains 1,034 high-quality learner-generated questions seeking an in-depth understanding of the taught online courses in Khan Academy.
Outcome: The proposed dataset contains 1,034 high-quality learner-generated questions seeking an in-depth understanding of the taught online courses in Khan Academy.
Stay Hungry, Stay Focused: Generating Informative and Specific Questions in Information-Seeking Conversations (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing work on question generation assumes knowledge of what the answer might be . instead, questioner must reason pragmatically about how to acquire new information .
Approach: They propose a question generation system that generates pragmatically relevant questions in information-asymmetric conversations.
Outcome: The proposed questioner significantly improves the informativeness and specificity of questions generated over a baseline model as evaluated by metrics as well as humans.
Looking Beyond the Surface: A Challenge Set for Reading Comprehension over Multiple Sentences (N18-1)

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Challenge: Using a dataset of 6,500+ questions, we found that human solvers achieved an F1-score of 88.1%.
Approach: They propose a reading comprehension challenge in which questions can only be answered by taking into account information from multiple sentences.
Outcome: The proposed reading comprehension challenge is based on a reading comprehension dataset with 6,500+ questions and 1000+ paragraphs across 7 domains.
Socratic Question Generation: A Novel Dataset, Models, and Evaluation (2023.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Socratic questioning is a form of reflective inquiry often employed in education to encourage critical thinking in students.
Approach: They present a first large dataset of 110K questions, context pairs for Socratic Question Generation.
Outcome: The proposed model produces realistic, type-sensitive, human-like Socratic questions . authors show that the model can be used in counseling and coaching .

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