Challenge: Recent advances in deep neural network models have improved parsing performance on in-domain texts . however, the problem is to improve performance on out-of-domain text data when there is only a small-scale out-domain labeled data.
Approach: They propose to use adversarial learning and fine-tuning BERT to improve contextualized word representations on out-of-domain texts.
Outcome: The proposed models achieve consistent improvement and fine-tune BERT processes boost parsing accuracy by a large margin.

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Challenge: Currently, most studies on cross-domain parsing focus on unsupervised domain adaptation . however, unsupervised approaches make limited progress due to the intrinsic difficulty of both domain adaptation and parse.
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Semi-supervised Domain Adaptation for Dependency Parsing with Dynamic Matching Network (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: supervised parsing models have achieved impressive results on in-domain texts, but their performances drop drastically on out-of-domain text due to data distribution shift.
Approach: They propose a dynamic matching network on the shared-private model for semi-supervised cross-domain dependency parsing.
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PERL: Pivot-based Domain Adaptation for Pre-trained Deep Contextualized Embedding Models (2020.tacl-1)

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Challenge: PERL is a representation learning model that uses labeled data from the source domain and unlabeled data not necessarily drawn from the target domain.
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Extending a Parser to Distant Domains Using a Few Dozen Partially Annotated Examples (P18-1)

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Challenge: Statistical parsers are often criticized for their performance outside of the domain they were trained on . we show that word representations reduce the need for domain adaptation when the target domain is syntactically similar to the source domain.
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Unsupervised Domain Adaptation of Contextualized Embeddings for Sequence Labeling (D19-1)

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Challenge: Contextualized word embeddings are becoming a ubiquitous component of natural language processing.
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APGN: Adversarial and Parameter Generation Networks for Multi-Source Cross-Domain Dependency Parsing (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing models for dependency parsing use labeled training data for several fixed domains, but performance drops when labeles only exist for several out-domains.
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Domain Adaptation with BERT-based Domain Classification and Data Selection (D19-61)

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Challenge: Modern deep neural models with millions of parameters can easily adapt to a new learning task and dataset when enough supervision is given.
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Representation Alignment and Adversarial Networks for Cross-lingual Dependency Parsing (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Pre-trained language models have improved dependency parsing accuracy in resource-rich languages . however, the accuracy drops sharply when the model is transferred to low-resource language .
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Out-of-Domain Discourse Dependency Parsing via Bootstrapping: An Empirical Analysis on Its Effectiveness and Limitation (2022.tacl-1)

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Challenge: Discourse parsing accuracy degrades significantly on out-of-domain text.
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Adapt in Contexts: Retrieval-Augmented Domain Adaptation via In-Context Learning (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large language models have demonstrated their capability with few-shot inference . however, in-domain demonstrations are not always available in real scenarios .
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