Challenge: Word and Sentence embeddings are one of the most common starting points of any NLP task.
Approach: They propose a way to convert word embedding to binary representation to reduce overall size . they propose different approaches suitable for different downstream tasks based on contextual and semantic information.
Outcome: The proposed method reduces the size of the embedding while keeping the semantic and relational knowledge intact.

Similar Papers

Learning Compressed Sentence Representations for On-Device Text Processing (P19-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for learning sentence embeddings assume they are continuous and real-valued.
Approach: They propose four different strategies to transform continuous and generic sentence embeddings into a binarized form while preserving their rich semantic information.
Outcome: The proposed methods reduce storage requirements by over 98% and improve performance on downstream tasks.
Embeddings in Natural Language Processing (2020.coling-tutorials)

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Challenge: Embeddings have been a key topic of interest in NLP for the past decade . a quick warm-up introduction to NLP and why it is important to have a semantic comprehension of texts .
Approach: This tutorial will provide a high-level synthesis of the main embedding techniques in NLP . it will start with word embedds and then move to other types of embeddable vectors .
Outcome: This tutorial will provide a high-level synthesis of the main embedding techniques in NLP . it will start with word embedds and move to other types of embeddable representations .
Deconstructing word embedding algorithms (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Word embeddings are reliable feature representations of words used in many NLP tasks today.
Approach: They propose to deconstruct Word2vec, GloVe and others into a common form . they propose to generalize several word embedding algorithms into . a low rank embedder framework is proposed to generalise the algorithms into one common form.
Outcome: The proposed framework can be used to make word embeddings more performant.
Static Word Embeddings for Sentence Semantic Representation (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods to learn fixed-length embeddings for sentence semantics require large computational cost, making it difficult to process billions of sentences cost-efficiently or deploy models on resource-constrained devices such as smartphones.
Approach: They propose to extract word embeddings from a pre-trained Sentence Transformer and improve them with sentence-level principal component analysis followed by knowledge distillation or contrastive learning.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models on sentence semantic tasks and surpasses a basic Sentence Transformer model (SimCSE) on a text embedding benchmark.
Using Context-to-Vector with Graph Retrofitting to Improve Word Embeddings (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Contextualized embeddings are expensive and resource-demanding, hence environmentally unfriendly.
Approach: They propose a method to convert contextualized embeddings from pre-trained models into static embeddables using synonym knowledge and weighted vector distribution.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baseline embeddings by a large margin through extrinsic and intrinsic tasks.
Better Word Embeddings by Disentangling Contextual n-Gram Information (N19-1)

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Challenge: Pre-trained word vectors are ubiquitous in Natural Language Processing applications.
Approach: They show that word embeddings with bigram and trigram embedds improve unigram embeds . they claim this removes contextual information from unigrammes, resulting in better unigraph embedders .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms competing models on a wide variety of tasks.
Adaptive Compression of Word Embeddings (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Distributed representations of words have been an indispensable component for natural language processing (NLP) tasks.
Approach: They propose a method that uses a code-book approach to represent words as discrete codes such as (8, 5, 2, 4).
Outcome: The proposed method makes the highly compressed word embeddings without hurting the task accuracy.
Obtaining Better Static Word Embeddings Using Contextual Embedding Models (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent contextual word embeddings have prohibitively high computational cost in many use-cases and are hard to interpret.
Approach: They propose a distillation method which is an extension of CBOW-based training and improves computational efficiency of NLP applications.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing models and existing models in terms of quality and performance.
EmByte: Decomposition and Compression Learning for Small yet Private NLP (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: EMBYTE is a byte-level tokenization model that reduces embedding parameters by up to 94% . it is also resilient to privacy threats such as gradient inversion attacks .
Approach: EMBYTE is a byte-level tokenization model that decomposes subwords into fine-grained byte embeddings and then compresses them via neural projection.
Outcome: EMBYTE achieves substantial embedding compression while preserving accuracy and enhancing privacy.
Explaining Word Embeddings via Disentangled Representation (2020.aacl-main)

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Challenge: Disentangled representations are known to represent interpretable factors in separated dimensions.
Approach: They propose to transform dense word vectors into disentangled embeddings with improved interpretability by encoding polysemous semantics separately.
Outcome: The proposed model can be encoded into multiple sub-embeddings or sub-areas and generates more efficient and effective features for natural language processing.

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