Contextualizing Hate Speech Classifiers with Post-hoc Explanation (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Modern text classifiers struggle to learn a model of hate speech that generalizes to real-world applications. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to regularize BERT classifiers to detect bias towards identity terms by providing explanations for group identifiers and allowing models to learn from the context of group identifiers. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method limiting false positives on out-of-domain data while maintaining and improving in-domain performance. |
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| Challenge: | Hate speech classifiers exhibit performance degradation when evaluated on datasets different from the source. |
| Approach: | They propose to automatically identify and reduce spurious correlations using attribution methods with dynamic refinement of the list of terms that need to be regularized during training. |
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Explain the Flag: Contextualizing Hate Speech Beyond Censorship (2026.findings-acl)
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Jason Liartis, Eirini Kaldeli, Lamprini Gyftokosta, Eleftherios Chelioudakis, Orfeas Menis Mastromichalakis
| Challenge: | a hybrid approach to detect and explain hate speech combines large language models with vocabularies to detect hate speech in three languages . authors: the spread of hate speech online has serious personal, social, and legal consequences . eu has launched initiatives to analyze, regulate, and counteract online hate speech, authors say . |
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Mitigating Biases in Hate Speech Detection from A Causal Perspective (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to detect hate speech are prone to spurious correlations between training data and labels, which could lead to biased treatment of vulnerable and minority groups. |
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Latent Hatred: A Benchmark for Understanding Implicit Hate Speech (2021.emnlp-main)
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Mai ElSherief, Caleb Ziems, David Muchlinski, Vaishnavi Anupindi, Jordyn Seybolt, Munmun De Choudhury, Diyi Yang
| Challenge: | Existing studies on explicit or overt hate speech have failed to address a more pervasive form based on coded or indirect language. |
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Domain Classification-based Source-specific Term Penalization for Domain Adaptation in Hate-speech Detection (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches for hate-speech detection exhibit poor performance in out-of-domain settings due to overemphasizing source-specific information that negatively impacts its domain invariance. |
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Hate Speech and Counter Speech Detection: Conversational Context Does Matter (2022.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing datasets and models target hate speech but ignore context . Existing models target either hate speech or hate and counter speech but disregard context - a new study shows that context is critical to identify hate and anti-hate speech. |
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Untangling Hate Speech Definitions: A Semantic Componential Analysis Across Cultures and Domains (2025.findings-naacl)
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| Challenge: | a new framework for analyzing hate speech definitions is proposed to address cultural differences in interpretations . a dataset of 493 definitions from more than 100 cultures is used to analyze hate speech . |
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What Did You Learn To Hate? A Topic-Oriented Analysis of Generalization in Hate Speech Detection (2023.eacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Hate speech detection datasets often use different annotation guidelines, resulting in inconsistencies . authors propose a topic-oriented approach to study generalization across popular hate speech datasets . |
| Approach: | They propose a topic-oriented approach to study generalization across popular hate speech datasets . they compare Transformer-based models in capturing topic-generic and topic-specific knowledge . |
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HARE: Explainable Hate Speech Detection with Step-by-Step Reasoning (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Recent benchmarks have attempted to identify and explain hate speech but lack the reasoning to supervise detection models. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that uses large language models to fill in the gaps in hate speech explanations by using existing annotations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baselines on SBIC and Implicit Hate using model-generated data and improves generalization to unseen datasets. |
Delving into Qualitative Implications of Synthetic Data for Hate Speech Detection (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent work on synthetic data for training models for NLP tasks reports mixed results on subjective tasks such as hate speech detection. |
| Approach: | They propose to use synthetic data to train models for highly subjective tasks such as hate speech detection to investigate the potential and specific pitfalls of using it. |
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