| Challenge: | Sequence-to-sequence models have been used to generate keyphrases, but it is unclear whether they are reliable enough for document retrieval. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for extrinsic evaluation that allows for a better understanding of the limitations of keyphrase generation models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models improve retrieval performance by supplementing documents with keyphrases that are not present in the source text and generalizing models across domains. |
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Redefining Absent Keyphrases and their Effect on Retrieval Effectiveness (2021.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Neural keyphrase generation models can output absent keyphrases, which are keyphrase that do not appear in the source text. |
| Approach: | They propose a finer-grained categorization scheme that sheds more light on the impact of absent keyphrases on scientific document retrieval. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model shows that only 20% of the words that make up keyphrases actually serve as document expansion, but this small fraction behind much of the gains observed in retrieval effectiveness. |
An Integrated Approach for Keyphrase Generation via Exploring the Power of Retrieval and Extraction (N19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods on keyphrase generation are purely extractive or generative . however, extractive methods cannot predict absent keyphrases which are not in the document. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-task learning framework that jointly learns an extractive model and a generative model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on five keyphrase generation tasks. |
Keyphrase Generation: A Text Summarization Struggle (N19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for keyphrase generation are unable to produce valuable terms that do not appear in the text. |
| Approach: | They propose to consider the keyphrase string as an abstractive summary of the title and the abstract. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can generate better keyphrases than the existing methods or the unsupervised ones. |
A Survey on Recent Advances in Keyphrase Extraction from Pre-trained Language Models (2023.findings-eacl)
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| Challenge: | Keyphrase extraction is a key component in Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems for selecting a set of phrases from the document that could summarize the important information discussed in the source document. |
| Approach: | They propose to use supervised and unsupervised keyphrase extraction techniques to investigate the state-of-the-art models for keyphrase extracting. |
| Outcome: | The proposed keyphrase extraction system can significantly accelerate the speed of retrieval and help people get first-hand information from a long document quickly and accurately. |
Retrieval-Augmented Multilingual Keyphrase Generation with Retriever-Generator Iterative Training (2022.findings-naacl)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on keyphrase generation on non-English languages haven’t been vastly investigated. |
| Approach: | They propose a retrieval-augmented method for multilingual keyphrase generation that leverages keyphrase annotations in English datasets to facilitate generating keyphrases in low-resource languages. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baselines on non-English keyphrase generation datasets and the proposed model is scalable. |
One Size Does Not Fit All: Generating and Evaluating Variable Number of Keyphrases (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing models for keyphrase generation do not provide a desideratum for the number of keyphrases in texts. |
| Approach: | They propose a recurrent generative model that generates multiple keyphrases as delimiter-separated sequences. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baseline models on all datasets. |
Exclusive Hierarchical Decoding for Deep Keyphrase Generation (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to generate keyphrases ignore hierarchical compositionality of keyphrase set and generate duplicated keyphrase sets. |
| Approach: | They propose a hierarchical decoding framework that explicitly models hierarchic compositionality of a keyphrase set and either a soft or a hard exclusion mechanism to enhance the diversity of the generated keyphrases. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework generates less duplicated and more accurate keyphrases on a set of keyphrase sets. |
ERU-KG: Efficient Reference-aligned Unsupervised Keyphrase Generation (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for keyphrase prediction rely on heuristicically defined importance scores . existing methods lack consideration for time efficiency . |
| Approach: | They propose an unsupervised keyphrase generation model that combines informativeness and phraseness modules. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms baseline models and achieves 89% of the performance of a supervised model for top 10 predictions. |
An Empirical Study on Neural Keyphrase Generation (2021.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent years have seen a flourishing of neural keyphrase generation (KPG) works, including the release of several large-scale datasets and a host of new models to tackle them. |
| Approach: | They propose to compare the generalizability of KPG models with other models by analyzing the most crucial factors that may affect their generalizarability. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can be used to predict keyphrases from a set of input sequences, and it can be compared with existing models. |
Keyphrase Generation: Lessons from a Reproducibility Study (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Reproducibility studies are used to verify the validity of a scientific method, but what else can we learn from such experiments? |
| Approach: | They use Keyphrase Generation to examine reproducibility under different conditions . they draw conclusions on state of the art in KPG and provide guidelines for researchers . |
| Outcome: | The proposed models are compared under the same or varied conditions and provide guidelines for reporting results in a more comprehensive manner. |