Yinfei Yang, Daniel Cer, Amin Ahmad, Mandy Guo, Jax Law, Noah Constant, Gustavo Hernandez Abrego, Steve Yuan, Chris Tar, Yun-hsuan Sung, Brian Strope, Ray Kurzweil
| Challenge: | Using a multi-task trained dual-encoder, our models embed text from 16 languages into a shared semantic space. |
| Approach: | They propose retrieval focused multilingual sentence embedding models on TensorFlow Hub. |
| Outcome: | The models achieve state-of-the-art on monolingual and cross-lingual retrieval (SR) and retrieval question answering (ReQA) competitive performance is obtained on related tasks of translation pair bitext retrieval and retrieving question answering. |
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| Challenge: | Existing multilingual sentence embedding models require large parallel corpora to learn efficiently, limiting their scope. |
| Approach: | They propose a sentence embedding framework based on an unsupervised loss function . they capture semantic similarity and relatedness between sentences using a multi-task loss function. |
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Are the Best Multilingual Document Embeddings simply Based on Sentence Embeddings? (2023.findings-eacl)
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| Challenge: | obtaining document embeddings at document level is challenging due to computational requirements and lack of appropriate data. |
| Approach: | They compare methods to produce document-level representations from sentences based on LASER, LaBSE, and Sentence BERT pre-trained multilingual models. |
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Universal Sentence Encoder for English (D18-2)
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Daniel Cer, Yinfei Yang, Sheng-yi Kong, Nan Hua, Nicole Limtiaco, Rhomni St. John, Noah Constant, Mario Guajardo-Cespedes, Steve Yuan, Chris Tar, Brian Strope, Ray Kurzweil
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Multilingual Sentence-T5: Scalable Sentence Encoders for Multilingual Applications (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Prior work on multilingual sentence embedding has demonstrated that the efficient use of natural language inference data to build high-performance models can outperform conventional methods. |
| Approach: | They propose a multilingual sentence embedding model by extending an existing monolingual model by using the low-rank adaptation technique. |
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A Multi-task Approach to Learning Multilingual Representations (P18-2)
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| Challenge: | Using a multi-task model, we learn word and sentence embeddings in a single task. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-task modeling approach that trains a skip-gram model and a cross-lingual sentence similarity model to learn word and sentence embeddings together. |
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Aligning Cross-lingual Sentence Representations with Dual Momentum Contrast (2021.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing work uses sentences within the same batch as negatives, which suffers from easy negatives. |
| Approach: | They propose to align sentence representations from different languages into a unified embedding space . they adapt MoCo to further improve the quality of alignment . |
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Multi-Source Text Classification for Multilingual Sentence Encoder with Machine Translation (2024.naacl-srw)
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| Challenge: | Pre-trained multilingual sentence encoders suffer from performance degradation for non-English languages. |
| Approach: | They propose a method of machine translating a source sentence into English and then inputting it together with the source sentence in a multi-source manner. |
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Sentence-T5: Scalable Sentence Encoders from Pre-trained Text-to-Text Models (2022.findings-acl)
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| Approach: | They investigate the effects of scaling up sentence encoders to 11B parameters on sentence embeddings from text-to-text transformers (T5) . |
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Language-agnostic BERT Sentence Embedding (2022.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for learning bilingual sentence embeddings are not well explored. |
| Approach: | They propose to combine best methods for learning multilingual sentence embeddings with pre-trained models to achieve 83.7% bi-text retrieval accuracy over 112 languages on Tatoeba. |
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Unicoder: A Universal Language Encoder by Pre-training with Multiple Cross-lingual Tasks (D19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing models that can handle cross-lingual tasks with limited or no training data are insensitive to different languages. |
| Approach: | They propose to use Unicoder to train models in one language and apply it to other languages. |
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