Papers with ISAs
Developing a Corpus of Indirect Speech Act Schemas (2020.lrec-1)
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| Challenge: | Indirect speech acts (ISAs) involve utterances whose literal meanings are not identical to their intended meanings. |
| Approach: | They propose a formal representation of ISA Schemas required for such testing, including a measure of the difficulty of a particular schema. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model minimizes the amount of expert authoring needed and maximizes realism. |
Learning Cross-Architecture Instruction Embeddings for Binary Code Analysis in Low-Resource Architectures (2024.findings-naacl)
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| Challenge: | Applying deep learning to binary code analysis has drawn great attention because of its notable performance. |
| Approach: | They propose to learn cross-architecture instruction embeddings where semantically-similar instructions have close embeddements in a shared space. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach generates high-quality CAIE with good transferability on four ISAs. |
FlowMalTrans: Unsupervised Binary Code Translation for Malware Detection Using Flow-Adapter Architecture (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Using deep learning to detect malware has attracted great attention due to its notable performance. |
| Approach: | a new approach uses Neural Machine Translation and Normalizing Flows to apply deep learning to malware detection. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach reduces the burden of data collection by enabling malware detection across multiple ISAs. |
Unsupervised Binary Code Translation with Application to Code Clone Detection and Vulnerability Discovery (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | a recent study shows that binary code analysis is a key problem in software security research. |
| Approach: | They propose to apply Neural Machine Translation to binary code analysis . they translate a binary in a low-resource ISA and train a model on the high-resourced ISA . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can be used to analyze binary code across ISAs using a high-resource ISA. |
Guaranteed Guess: A Language Modeling Approach for CISC-to-RISC Transpilation with Testing Guarantees (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | ISA-centric transpilation pipelines are used to translate low-level programs between ISAs . GG provides high code coverage across unit tests and better energy efficiency . |
| Approach: | They propose a ISA-centric transpilation pipeline that embeds large language models into software testing frameworks to ensure accuracy. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves high code coverage across unit tests and functional/semantic correctness of 99% on HumanEval and 49% on BringupBench programs. |
Read the Room, Read the Image: Understanding Indirect Speech Acts in Multimodal Visual Contexts (2026.findings-acl)
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Jaehee Kim, Ji Hoon Chung, Seoyoon Park, Unsol Kim, Kyungwon Park, JiHak Kim, Yi-Jun Chen, Hansaem Kim
| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks focus on explicit context, but do not address context-dependent pragmatic understanding. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark for evaluating ISA understanding through integrated reasoning over visual context and dialogue. |
| Outcome: | Experiments show that state-of-the-art models struggle with visually grounded indirect speech acts . linguistic meaning emerges through the relationship between an utterance and situational context . |