Challenge: In the past few years, graph-based dependency parsers have led to impressive empirical successes on parsing accuracy.
Approach: They propose to use a graph-based dependency parser to model global outputs.
Outcome: The proposed model has been shown to perform better on sentence-level Complete Match metric compared with the previous model.

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Graph-based Dependency Parsing with Graph Neural Networks (P19-1)

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Challenge: In graph-based dependency parsers, learning representations is gaining in importance, and we use graph neural networks to learn the representations.
Approach: They propose to use graph neural networks to learn dependency tree nodes and propose to add a new aggregation function to the system.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves the best UAS and LAS on PTB (96.0%, 94.3%) without using external resources.
Deep Contextualized Word Embeddings in Transition-Based and Graph-Based Dependency Parsing - A Tale of Two Parsers Revisited (D19-1)

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Challenge: In recent years, dependency parsing has shifted from discrete features to neural networks and continuous representations.
Approach: They propose to use deep contextualized word embeddings to pack information about global sentence structure into local feature representations to make the two approaches virtually equivalent in terms of accuracy and error profile.
Outcome: The proposed model improves the accuracy and error profile of transition-based and graph-based dependency parsers on 13 languages.
Neural Reranking for Dependency Parsing: An Evaluation (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Recent work shows that neural rerankers can improve dependency parsing results over the top k trees produced by a base parser.
Approach: They propose to use a discriminative reranker to improve dependency parsing results . they propose to incorporate global information into the model to improve parse accuracies .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models on English and German and Czech, and is the only one to improve on German and Chinese data.
Neural Ranking Models for Temporal Dependency Structure Parsing (D18-1)

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Challenge: a new neural temporal dependency parser is being developed for news reports and narrative stories . a similar system is used for other NLP applications such as timeline construction .
Approach: They build a neural temporal dependency parser that parses time expressions and events in a text . their results shed light on the nature of temporal relation structures in different domains .
Outcome: The proposed model beats baselines on news reports and narrative stories on two data domains.
Simpler but More Accurate Semantic Dependency Parsing (P18-2)

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Challenge: Syntactic dependency parsing is the most popular method for automatically extracting low-level relationships between words in a sentence.
Approach: They extend a syntactic dependency parser to train on and generate graph-structured representations that capture between-word relationships that are more closely related to the meaning of a sentence.
Outcome: The proposed system beats the current state-of-the-art system by 0.6% and linguistically richer representations push the margin even higher.
Dependency parsing with structure preserving embeddings (2021.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Modern neural approaches to dependency parsing are trained to predict a tree structure by learning a contextual representation for tokens in a sentence and a head–dependent scoring function.
Approach: They propose to combine a contextual representation for tokens and a head–dependent scoring function to learn interpretable representations by training a parser to explicitly preserve structural properties of a tree.
Outcome: The proposed approach yields strong tree distance preservation and parsing performance on par with a competitive graph-based parser.
Compositional Semantic Parsing across Graphbanks (P19-1)

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Challenge: Existing semantic parsers that map sentences to graph-based meaning representations are hand-designed for specific graphbanks.
Approach: They propose a compositional neural semantic parser which achieves competitive accuracies across graphbanks.
Outcome: The proposed system achieves competitive accuracies across a variety of graphbanks.
Second-Order Neural Dependency Parsing with Message Passing and End-to-End Training (2020.aacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to dependency parsing use exact and approximate inference to find the best parse tree.
Approach: They propose a second-order graph-based neural dependency parsing approach using message passing and end-to-end neural networks.
Outcome: The proposed methods match the state-of-the-art second-order graph-based neural dependency parsers and have significantly faster speed in training and testing.
What’s Going On in Neural Constituency Parsers? An Analysis (N18-1)

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Challenge: a number of differences have emerged between classical and modern constituency parsing approaches . structural components like grammars and feature-rich lexicons are becoming less central . recurrent neural networks have gained traction as a powerful and general purpose tool for representation .
Approach: They propose a model that implicitly learns to encode much of the same information as grammars and lexicons in the past.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models under similar conditions.
A Root of a Problem: Optimizing Single-Root Dependency Parsing (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Graph-based dependency parsers can be improved without compromising on accuracy or accuracy.
Approach: They propose two approaches to single-root dependency parsing that yield speed ups . they show that one approach is fully correct and finds the optimal dependency tree .
Outcome: The proposed approach finds the optimal dependency tree without loss of accuracy or optimality.

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